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43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Traumatic Fracture
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Extreme force applied to bone that results in a fracture
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Spontaneous Fracture
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Diseased on weakened bone fractures under normal stress
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Complete Fracture
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Extends through entire bone
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Incomplete Fracture
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Extends partially through bone
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Hematoma Stage
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severed blood vessels in bone hemorphage, resulting in blood clot forming within 6-8 hours
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Procallus Stage
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hematoma is replaced with young connective tissue by end of the first week, osteoclasts remove damaged tissue
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Fibrocartilage Stage
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procallus replaced with fibrocartilage, much stronger than procallus and osteolasts begin to secrete new bone
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Bony Callus Stage
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osteoclast resorb bone, osteoblast secrete new bone (60-90 days)
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Osteoporsosis
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disease process where bones are gradually weaker because Calcium removal exceeds calcium intake, increase in spontaneous fractures
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Articulation
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where two or more bones meet, forming a system of levers capable of producing movement
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Synthroses
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do not permit movement
sutures, gomophosis |
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Ampiarthroses
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small amount of movement
connective tissue holds bone, vertebral disks |
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Diathroses
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sonovial
free movement finger's, knees, elbow, and shoulders |
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Bursale
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small sacks of sonovial fluid located between ligaments, muscles, tendons and bones
reduce sliding friction |
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Contractility
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capacity to actively change length of muscle fiber
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Extensibility
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muscle cells function at variety of lengths
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Elasticity
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muscle fibers can return to natural length
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Irritability
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responds to stimulus (excitable)
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Epipmysium
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loose, connective tissue covering the muscle belly
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Fasiculi
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make up the muscle belly, 1-40 mm in length
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Perimysium
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connective tissue covering fasicles
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Endomysium
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covers muscle cells and fibers
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Sarcolemma
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cell membrane of muscle cells
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Myofibrils
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highly organized sarcomeres, containing contractile proteins
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Sarcoplasmic Reticulum
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storage site for calcium, modified endoplasmic reticulum
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Sarcoplasm
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cytoplasm of muscle cells
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Transverse tubules
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invaginations of the sarcolemma, filled with extracellular fluid
conduct muscle action potentials into interior cell |
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Actin
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contains binding sites for myosin, forms helix
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Tropomyosin
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covers binding sites in Actin until contraction is ready to take place
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Troponin
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pushes out tropomyosin, binds with calcium
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Myosin
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binds with Actin, breaks down ATP
"powerstrokes" |
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Neuromuscular Junction
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junction between motor neuron and a skeletal fiber, innervation via synapses
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Acetylcholine
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neurotransmitter released in neuromuscular junction
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Motor Units
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motor neuron synapse with several muscle cells
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All or None Process
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muscle cell will contract completely with stimulus, or not at all (individual muscle cells)
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Recruitment
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CNS can selectively activate appropriate numbers of motor unit to complete action
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Tetany
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sustained contraction due to rapid stimulation
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Latent Period
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time between stimulation and the beginning of the contraction
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Contract Period
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cross bridges form and cycle to create force
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Relaxation Period
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gradual decrease in force as Calcium is pumped back into the Sarcoplasmic Reticulum
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Static Contraction
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muscle contracts, cells don't shorten
force cannot overcome load |
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Concentric Contraction
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cells shorten, force is greater than load
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Eccentric Contraction
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cells lengthen in contraction, load is greater than force
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