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78 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
The study of the structure of the human body is what?
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Anatomy
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The study of the function of the human body is what?
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Physiology
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He was a Greek physician who wrote one of the most influential anatomy textbooks of all time. He lived in from about 100-200 AD.
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Galen
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Who questioned the accuracy of earlier authors and commissioned the first accurate anatomical illustrations fro his book "On the Structure of the Human Body"
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Andreas Vesalius
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What is another name for deceased bodies?
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Cadavers
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What is the study of structures that are visible to the naked eye?
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Surface anatomy
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What is the study of internal structures by using things such as x-rays, etc.?
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Radiologic anatomy
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What is the study of the body under a microscope?
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Microscopic anatomy
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What is the study of tissue?
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Histology
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What is the study of cells?
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Cytology
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What are the smallest chemical units?
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Atoms
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What are the chemical structures that can be put together to form organelles?
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Molecules
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These are microscopic structures in a cell that carry out individual functions?
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Organelles
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What are the smallest units of an organism that carry out all the basic functions of life?
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Cells
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What is the smallest thing that is considered to be alive?
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Cells
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This is a mass of similar cells and cell products that form a discrete region of an organ and performs a specific function?
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A tissue
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What is a structure composed of two or more tissue types that work together to perform a particular function?
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An organ
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What is a group of organs that carry out basic functions of an organism?
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An organ system
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What are three examples of organ systems?
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Circulation, respiration, and digestion
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What is a single, complete individual?
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An organism
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Name the level of the human structure in increasing order.
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Atom, molecule, organelles, cells, tissue, organ, organ system, organism
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What four conditions must be met for someone to be in anatomical position?
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- Body is erect
- Feet are parallel to each other and flat on the floor - Eyes directed forward - Arms at the sides of the body with the palms turned forward and fingers pointed down |
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Why do we use anatomical position?
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It provides a precise frame of reference
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What is the term that refers to the palms being face up or forward?
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Supine
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What is the term that refers to the palms being face down or rearward?
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Prone
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How many anatomical planes are there?
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Three
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Which anatomical plane divides into left and right portions?
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Sagittal plane
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Which anatomical plane divides into equal left and right halves?
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Midsagittal plane
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Which anatomical plane divides into front and back portions?
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Coronal or frontal plane
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Which anatomical plane divides into upper and lower portions?
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Transverse plane
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This term means toward the head.
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Superior
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This term means away from the head.
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Inferior
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This term means toward the front.
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Anterior
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This term means toward the back.
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Posterior
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This term means toward the midline of the body.
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Medial
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This term means away from the midline of the body.
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Lateral
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This term means toward the trunk of the body.
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Proximal
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This term means away from the trunk of the body.
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Distal
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How many body regions are there and what are they called?
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Two
- Axial Region - Appendicular Region |
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What does the axial region contain?
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- Head
- Cervical region (neck) - Trunk region |
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This region lies above the diaphragm.
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Thoracic region
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This region lies below the diaphragm.
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Abdominal region
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How many regions can the abdominal region be divided into and what are the names?
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Four with intersecting lines through the umbilicus (belly button)
- Right upper quadrant - Right lower quadrant - Left upper quadrant - Left lower quadrant Or nine if divided by a tic-tac-toe grid |
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What is the scientific name for the belly button?
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Umbilicus
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The trunk region is made up of what other two regions?
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The thoracic and abdominal region
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Why are different regions used in abdominal region?
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It is used to describe the location of pain
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What is contained in the appendicular region in general?
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The upper limbs (upper extremities) and the lower limbs (lower extremities)
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The upper limbs consist of what?
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The brachial region, antebrachium, carpus, manus, and digits
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What does the brachial region refer to?
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The arm, just shoulder to elbow
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What does the ante brachium refer to?
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Forearm
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What does the carpus refer to?
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Wrist
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What does the manus refer to?
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Hand
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What are digits?
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Fingers or toes
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The lower limbs consist of what?
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The femoral region, crus or crural region, tarsus, pes, and digits
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What does the femoral region refer to?
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Thigh
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What does the crus or crural region refer to?
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The leg, just knee to ankle
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What does the tarsus refer to?
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Ankle
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What does the pes refer to?
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Foot
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What are spaces inside the body referred to as?
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Cavities of the body
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An organ within a cavity is covered and held in place by what?
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Membranes
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The organs that are found within the cavities are referred to as what?
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Viscera
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How many body cavities are there and what are they called?
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Two
The dorsal and ventral body cavities |
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How many subdivisions are found within the dorsal body cavity, what are they, and what do they contain?
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Two
The cranial cavity contains the brain and the vertebral cavity contains the spinal cord |
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How many subdivisions are found within the ventral body cavity, what are they and what do they contain?
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Two
The thoracic cavity contains the organs above the diaphragm and the abdominopelvic cavity contains the organs below the diaphragm |
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What type of organs lie in the thoracic cavity?
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The heart and lungs
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What type of organs lie in the abdominopelvic cavity?
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Digestive oragans, the spleen, kidneys, and ureters
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What cavity is found within the abdominopelvic cavity and what does it contain?
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The pelvic cavity which contains the urinary bladder and reproductive organs
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How many organ systems are there and what are their names?
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Ten
The integumentary system, skeletal system, muscular system, nervous system, endocrine system, circulatory system, respiratory system, urinary system, digestive system, and the reproductive system |
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What is found in the integumentary system and what are its functions?
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Skin, hair, and nails
Protection, water retention, thermoregulation, and cutaneous sensation |
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What is found in the skeletal system and what are its functions?
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Bones, cartilages, and ligaments
Support, movement, protection of viscera, and blood formation |
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What is found in the muscular system and what are its functions?
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Skeletal muscles
Movement, stability, heat production, and control of body openings |
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What is found in the nervous system and what are its functions?
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The brain, spinal cord, nerves, and ganglia
Rapid internal communication and coordination and sensation |
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What is found in the endocrine system and what are its functions?
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Pituitary glands, pineal gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid gland, etc.
Internal chemical communication and coordination |
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What is found in the circulatory system and what are its functions?
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The heart and blood vessels
Distribution of hormones, electrolytes, heat, immune cells, etc. |
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What is found in the respiratory system and what are its functions?
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The nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs
Absorption of oxygen, discharge of carbon dioxide, speech, etc. |
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What is found in the urinary system and what are its functions?
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Kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra
Elimination of wastes, regulation of electrolyte and acid-base balance |
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What is found in the digestive system and what are its functions?
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Teeth, tongue, salivary glands, esophagus, stomach, intestines
Nutrient breakdown and absorptions |
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What is found in the reproductive system and what are their functions?
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In males:
Testes, epididymides, spermatic ducts, seminal vesicles, penis, etc. Production and delivery of sperm In females: Ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina, vulva, mammary glands, etc. Production of egg, site of fertilization and fetal development, fetal nourishment, birth, lactation |