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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
what is hypo & hypertelorism cyclopia?
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- space between eyes are too close or too far apart
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what arch is treacher collins & pierre robin associated with?
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- arch 1
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how does the neural crest form?
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- via delamination of the neuroectoderm at lateral margins of neural plate
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which level of the neural crest is affected in DiGeorge?
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- problem is with vagal (post-otic) neural crest cells
- get problems of immune system, great vessels |
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what happens to paraxial mesoderm rostral to the otic vesicle?
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- paraxial mesoderm does not form epithelial somites
- forms individual unit called somitomere |
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what comes from the somitomeres?
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- muscles that will be innervated by the cranial nerves
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what are the placodes?
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- epithelial thickenings that give rise to neurons & other parts of nervous system
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does the placode give rise to the proximal or distal part of the ganglion?
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- distal
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what are the 3 origins of bone for skull & face?
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- dermal bone origins - contributed by condenstation of mesenchymal tissue originates from neural crest
- cartilage precursor - green are pharyngeal arch cartilage |
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pharyngeal arch 1: artery? muscles? nerve?
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- artery: terminal branch of maxillary
- muscles: muscles of mastication, everything by V & tensors - CN: V2 & V3 |
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pharyngeal arch 2: artery? muscles? nerve?
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- artery: stapedial artery, corticotympanic
- muscles: facial expression & stylohyoid & post. belly digastric & stapedius - CN: facial CNVII |
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pharyngeal arch 3: artery? muscles? nerve?
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- artery: common carotid
- muscles: stylopharyngeus - nerve: IX |
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pharyngeal arch 4: artery? muscles? nerve?
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- artery: arch of aorta, right subclavian
- muscles: pharynx - nerve: superior laryngeal branch of X |
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pharyngeal arch 6: artery? muscles? nerve?
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- artery: ductus arteriosus
- muscles: intrinsic muscles of larynx - nerve: recurrent branch of X |
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which cartilages come from 1? from 2? 3? 4?
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- 1: palatopterygoquadrate (contributes to wing of sphenoid), meckel's (gives rise to malleus & incus)
- 2: relchert's cartilage (contributes to stapes & lesser horn of body of hyoid) - 3: most of hyoid bone - 4: thyroid & cricoid cartilage |
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what are the 5 swellings of the face?
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- frontonasal process (corresponds to opthalmic division of V1)
- paired maxillary processes - paired mandibular processes |
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what are the two parts of the frontonasal process? how does this happen? how do these form the nose?
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- medial & lateral formed by invagination of the olfactory placode
- medial process fuses to form intermaxillary process gives rise to philtrum - middle of nose/lips) |
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what is the primary palate an extension of? what is the other part of the palate?
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- intermaxillary process
- as two maxillary processes grow they give rise to the palatine shelves that grow together to form rest of hard palate --> tongue needs to be out of way |
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what does the 1st pharyngeal cleft become?
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- becomes the external auditory meatus
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what is the endoderm for pharyngeal arch 1? 2? 3? 4?
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- 1: median tongue bud & lateral lingual swellings - becomes ant 2/3 of tongue
- 2: copula - 3: mucosa of posterior 1/3 of tongue - 4: dorsal region of tongue |
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which pharyngeal pouches give rise to the parathyroid?
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- 3 (inferior), 4 (superior)
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what does the thyroglossal duct connect?
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- connects the thyroid & the tongue --> moving down via foramen cecum
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which pharyngeal pouch gives rise to the thymus? what happens in thymic aplasia?
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- 3
- in thymic aplasia the 3rd pouch does not descend nor does the parathyroid associated with that pouch (inferior parathyroid) |
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who gives rise the branchial body & what does it do?
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- 6th pharyngeal pouch
- it is buried within the thyroid, gives rise to C cells within PT gland --> secrete calcitonin |
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what happens in digeorge syndrome?
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- problems with vagal (post otic) neural crest cells & 3rd & 4th pharyngeal pouches --> end up with thymic hypoplasia, hypocalcemia b/c parathyroid not ok, but branchial body (doing C cells are ok - from 6 pouch)
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which part of the eye is derivative of CNS & which part is neural crest?
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- retina is derivative of CNS
- surrounding parts are neural crest - sclera, choroids, cornea |
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what happens in eve development?
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- evagination of optic vesicle - forms the optic cup (forms retina, ciliary body & iris)
- lens placode invaginates & gives rise to crystalin - clarity of lens in adult |
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what is holoprosencephaly?
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- not two cerebral hemispheres - connection between them is the corpus callosum
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what is the prechordal plate?
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- major organizing center
- protein secreted is SHH |