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62 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
the cranial nerves that do NOT originate from the brainstem
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olfactory CN I
optic CN II |
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cranial nerve that attaches to the dorsum of the brainstem
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trochlear CN IV
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nerve of smell (olfaction)
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olfactory nerve CN I
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cell bodies of the olfactory nerve located in
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olfactory mucosa of the nose
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axons pass through the
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cribiform plate and synapse with secondary neurons in the olfactory bulb
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axons of secondary neurons form
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olfactory tract and terminate in the primary olfactory area of the cerebral cortex
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nerve of sight
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optic nerve CN II
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fibers of the optic nerve arise from
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the retina and pass posteriorly to the apex of the orbit to exit via the optic foramen
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right and left optic nerves meet at the
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optic chiasma
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____ leave the chiasma to terminate in the lateral geniculate bodies of the thalamus
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optic tracts
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course of oculomotor nerve CN III:
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-originates on ventral surface of brainstem
-pierces dura to enter the cavernous sinus -from sinus it enters the orbit through the superior orbital fissure |
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oculomotor nerve provides ___ fibers to:
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motor, all extraocular muscles except two
-carries preganglionic parasympathetic fibers to the ciliary ganglion and proprioception fibers to the eyeball muscles |
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damage to CN III results in:
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ptosis, drooping of the upper eyelid and dialation of pupils
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the most slender CN with the longest intracranial course
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trochlear nerve CN IV
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route of the trochlear nerve CN IV
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-originates from the dorsum of the brain stem and penetrates the dura to enter the cavernous sinus
-from sinus, passes through the superior orbital fissure to enter orbit |
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trochlear nerve supplies:
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superior oblique muscle of the orbit
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damage to CN IV results in
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double vision when patient looks downward and outward
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nerve of the first arch
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trigeminal nerve CN V
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largest cranial nerve
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trigeminal nerve CN V
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trigeminal nerve CN V supplies
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-motor innervation to muscles of mastication
-sensory innervation to head |
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trigeminal nerve has a sensory and a motor root that emerge from
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the pons
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semilunar ganglion
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-contains cell bodies of sensory root fibers
-forms a shallow groove on the anteromedial side of the petrous part of the temporal bone---trigeminal impression |
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divisions of CN V
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opthalmic-sensory
maxillary-sensory mandibular-mixed |
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charac of opthalmic division of CN V
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-smallest of three divisions
-passes thru cavernous sinus -divides into branches that enter orbit thru superior orbital fissure -supply orbit with sensory innervation |
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maxillary divison of CN V enters:
and exits skull: |
cavernous sinus while still inside the skull
through the foramen rotundum |
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major branches of maxillary division of CN V
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-zygomatic
-palatine -nasal -infraorbital |
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zygomatic branch of maxillary divison of CN V supplies
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skin over the zygomatic bone and the skin b/n and including the lower eyelid and upper lip
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palatine branch of maxillary divison of CN V supplies
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supply the soft and hard palates
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nasal branch of maxillary divison of CN V supplies
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the mucosa of the nose
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infraorbital branch of maxillary divison of CN V
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exits through the infraorbital foramen to supply the skin between and includint the lower eyelid and upper lip
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mandibular divison of CN V
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exits skull through foramen ovale to enter the infratemporal fossa
-otic ganglion attached to trunk |
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branches of mandibular division of CN V
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-motor branches to medial and lateral pterygoids, temporalis, and masseter
-buccal (long buccal) -auriculotemporal -lingual -inferior alveolar |
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buccal branch of mandibular division of CN V supplies
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sensory to buccal mucosa and adjacent gigiva
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auriculotemporal branch of mandibular division of CN V supplies
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sensory to TMJ, external acoustic meatus, skin of temple and scalp
-postganglionic sympathetic fibers for the parotid gland |
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lingual branch of mandibular division of CN V supplies
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-sensory to anterior 2/3 of the tongue
-enters floor of mouth -carries taste and parasympathetic fibers |
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inferior alveolar branch of mandibular division of CN V supplies
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-enters mandibular formen and courses thru mandibular canal
-gives branches to mandibular teeth -gives off a mental branch that exits from the mental foramen |
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route of the abducens nerve CN VI
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-leaves brain at the lower border of the pons
-traverses the cavernous sinus before passing through the superior orbital fissure to enter the orbit |
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abducens nerve CN VI supplies
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one extraocular muscle - lateral rectus muscle
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damage to CN VI results in
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eye not able to move laterally beyond the midpoint
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nerve of the second arch
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facial nerve CN VII
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route of facial nerve CN VII
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-accompanies CN VIII into the internal auditory meatus
-at distal end of the meatus, enters facial canal and exits at the stylomastoid foramen -distal to stylomastoid foramen, enters parotid gland where it divides into 5 terminal branches |
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branches given off by CN VII in the facial canal
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-branch to stapedius muscle
-chorda tympani -greater petrosal nerve |
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fibers in chorda tympani
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-preganglionic parasympathetic and taste fibers
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fibers in greater petrosal nerve
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-preganglionic parasympathetic fibers to the pterygopalatine gangliion
-postganglionic fibers go to supply the lacrimal gland |
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branches given off of CN VII after exiting stylomastoid foramen
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-branches to posterior belly of digastric and stylohyoid muscles
-branches to muscles of facial expression (temporal, zygomatic, buccal, mandibular, cervical) |
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type of fibers in CN VII
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-motor
-secretory parasympathetic to sublingual, submandibular and lacrimal glands -taste from anterior 2/3 of tongue and from the palate |
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route of CN VIII
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-leaves lateral aspect of the brainstem with CN VII and courses w/ nerve through the internal acoustic meatus
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nerve of hearing
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cochlear division of CN VIII
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nearve of equilibrium
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vestibular divison of CN VIII
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nerve of the third arch
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glossopharyngeal nerve CN IX
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route of CN IX
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-leaves lateral side of medulla with CN X and CN XI
-leaves cranium through jugular foramen |
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CN IX supplies
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-motor branch to stylopharyngeus muscle
-terminal branches to posterior 1/3 of tongue, including circumvallate papillae -small branch to carotid sinus |
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CN IX joins CN X and XI and postganglionic sympathetic fibers to form
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pharyngeal plexus
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nerve of 4th arch
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vagus nerve CN X
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course of CN X
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-leaves brain from lateral side of medulla and exits thru jugular foramen
-L vagus enters thorax by passing ant to arch of aorta -R passes over the subclavian a |
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branches of CN X
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-branches to pharyngeal plexus and soft palate
-superior laryngeal and recurrent laryngeal nerves to the larynx -cardiac branches -branch to carotid sinus |
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nerve formed by both cranial and spinal components
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spinal accessory n CN XI
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CN XI route
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-leaves lateral side of medulla and unites with spinal part to pass thru jugular foramen
-cranial part separates and joins vagus to contribute to pharyngeal plexus -spinal originates C1-C5 and enters cranium thru foramen magnum |
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CN XI supplies
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-contribute to pharyngeal plexus
-SCM -trapezius |
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CN XII route
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-leaves medulla slightly medial to CN IX, X, XI and exits throu hypoglossal canal
-courses b/n internal carotid and internal jugular -loops around occipital artery, and enters oral cavity |
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CN XII supplies
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-motor branches to the intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of tongue
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damage to CN XII causes
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protruded tongue will deviate towards the side of the lesion
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