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56 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Pharyngeal apparatus contributes to the formation of:
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head and neck
- face, nose, mouth, larynx, pharynx, and neck |
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Pharyngeal apparatus starts to develop when:
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4 weeks
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contents of the pharyngeal apparatus
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pharyngeal arches
pharyngeal pouches pharyngeal grooves pharyngeal membranes |
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pharyngeal arches:
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-develop at the lateral wall of the cranial end of the foregut
-arches appear as rounded elevations containing cells of neurocrest origin |
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stomodeum
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at the anterior end of the foregut, site of future mouth
-pharynx widens cranially at the stomodeum and narrows inferiorly to continue with the esophagus |
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oropharyngeal membrane separates:
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primordial pharynx and the foregut from the amniotic cavity
-ruptures around 26th day |
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pharyngeal grooves
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separate arches on the outside
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pharyngeal pouches
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separate arches on the inside
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typical arch consistency:
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-core of mesenchyme (embryonic connective tissue from neurocrest cells)
-covered externally by ectoderm -covered internally by endoderm |
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structures embedded in the mesenchyme of each arch:
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-blood vessel: artery
-cartilage: forms skeleton of struct -muscular component: gives rise to muscles of head and neck -nerve: supplies mucosa and muscles derived from that arch |
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1st arch known as:
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mandibular arch
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mandibular arch develops two prominences:
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-maxillary prominence - gives rise to maxilla, zygomatic bone and squamous part of temporal bone
-mandibular prominence: gives rise to mandible |
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muscles of 1st arch:
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muscles of mastication
mylohyoid anterior belly of digastric tensor tympani tensor veli palatini |
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nerve of first arch:
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mandibular division of CN V
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2nd arch known as:
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hyoid arch - major contribution to forming the hyoid bone
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muscles of the 2nd arch -
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-muscles of facial expression
-stapedius -stylohyoid -posterior belly of digastric |
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nerve of 2nd arch
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CN VII
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third arch
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contribute to formation of hyoid bone
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muscle of third arch
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stylopharyngeus muscle
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nerve of third arch
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CN IX
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fourth arch
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formation of muscles and cartilages of the larnyx
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nerve of 4th arch
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CN X
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Pharyngeal pouches give rise to:
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parathyroid glands
thymus glands palatine tonsils tympanic cavity |
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pharyngeal membranes
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ectoderm of grooves on outide of pharyngeal wall, make contact with the endoderm of the pouches
- first gives rise to tympanic membrane of the ear |
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pharyngeal grooves give rise to:
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first makes external acoustic meatus and others disappear
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boundaries of the anterior cervical triangle
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-anterior midline of the neck
-inferior border of the mandible -anterior border of SCM -apex is jugular notch |
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roof of the anterior triangle:
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superficial fascia
platysma skin |
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4 smaller triangles within the anterior triangle
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-submandibular (digastric)
-submental -carotid -muscular |
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submandibular triangle boundaries:
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superiorly - inferior border of the mandible
laterally - posterior belly of the digastric m medially - anterior belly of the digastric muscle floor- mylohyoid and hypoglossal muscles |
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submandibular triangle contents:
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-submandibular salivary gland
-submandibular ganglion (parasympathetic) -submandibular lymph nodes -hypoglossal n (CN XII) -facial a and v |
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submental triangle boundaries
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inferiorly - hyoid bone (base)
laterally - anterior bellies of the digastric m medial - ant. midline of neck floor - mylohyoid m |
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submental triangle contents
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-submental lymph nodes
-beginning of anterior jugular veins |
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carotid triangle boundaries
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anteriorly - superior belly of omohyoid m
superiorly - posterior belly of the digastric m laterally - anterior border of SCM m |
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carotid triangle contents
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carotid sheath
-vagus nerve (posterior) -common and internal carotid (medial) -internal jugular v (lateral) external carotid and branches |
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muscular triangle boundaries
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anterior - anterior midline of neck
laterally - superior belly of omohyoid inferiorly - anterior border of SCM m |
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muscular triangle contents
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thyroid and parathyroid glands (C6 level)
strap muscles covered by fascia -sternothyroid -sternohyoid -thyerohyoid -omohyoid (sup and inf bellies) |
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right common carotid artery is a branch of
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brachiocephalic trunk
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left common carotid artery is a branch of
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aorta
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carotid occlusion can lead to
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stroke
transient ischemic attack |
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internal carotid a enters skull thru
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carotid canal
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carotid sinus innervated by
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CN IX and X
blood pressure monitor |
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external carotid artery termination:
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in the parotid gland by bifurcating into:
-superficial temporal -maxillary |
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branches of the external carotid:
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-superior thyroid
---superior laryngeal -ascending pharyngeal -lingual -facial -occipital -posterior auricular -maxillary -superficial temporal |
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branches of the 1st part of the subclavian artery
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vertebral
internal thoracic thyrocervical trunk ---transverse cervical ---suprascapular ---inferior thyroid |
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branches of the 2nd part of the subclavian artery
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-costocervical trunk
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branches of the 3rd part of the subclavian artery
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-dorsal scapular a
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dialated structure of the internal jugular v
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jugular bulb
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termination of the internal jugular v
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joins with the subclavian vein to form the brachiocephalic v
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anterior jugular vein:
begginning and drainage point |
begins in the submental trianle below the mandible
drains into the external jugular v |
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longest cranial nerve
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vagus nerve
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branches of the vagus nerve
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-recurrent laryngeal
-contribution to the pharyngeal plexus -cardiac branches -superior laryngeal |
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sympathetic trunk
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-consists of longitudinal strands of autonomic fibers
-begins at C1 -course inferiorly through the neck anterior to the vertebral column and deep to the carotid sheath |
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cervical component of the sympathetic trunk has 3 ganglia:
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-Superior cervical ganglion
-middle cervical ganglion -inferior cervical ganglion |
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superior cervical ganglion
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-largest
-located at C1 and C2 |
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Middle cervical ganglion
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located at level of the cricoid cartilage (C6)
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inferior cervical ganglion
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-sometimes fused with first thoracic ganglion and is then known as stellate ganglion
-located at C7 (superior border of first rib |