Anatomy Exam 2

Front 1

blood capillaries that supply the epidermis are located in the-

Back 1

dermis

Front 2

subcutaneous glands discharge an oily secretion called ______ that inhibits bacterial growth

Back 2

sebum

Front 3

which are correct concerning thick skin?
A. it is limited in its distribution than thin shin is
B. it has only 4 of the strata
C. it has sweat glands
D. it has hair follicules
E. both A and C are correct

Back 3

E. both A and C are correct

Front 4

which of the following are true of the stratum corneum?
A. the cells are dead
B. it is the most superficial stratum
C. the cells lack nuclei
D. All of the above are correct
E. none of the above are correct

Back 4

D. All the Above

Front 5

the function of melanin in the skin is to-

Back 5

protect against UV light

Front 6

subcutaneous fat (the fatty layer just beneath the skin) is also known as-

Back 6

Adipose tissue

Front 7

collagen fibers provide strength to skin while _______ fibers allow stretch and contraction in the dermis during movement.

Back 7

elastic

Front 8

when the body is too warm, dermal blood vessels will undergo ________ in order to increase heat loss

Back 8

vasodialation

Front 9

which one of the following is characteristic of cartilage connective tissue?
A. has a thick gel-like ground substance
B. matrix may contain protein fibers
C. contains cells called chondrocytes
D. All of the above

Back 9

D. all the above

Front 10

during the growth of cartilage, the cells that produce new matrix are the:

Back 10

chondroblasts

Front 11

which is not a function of bone?
A. protection
B. mineral storage
C. body movement
D. support
E. hemopoiesis

Back 11

C. body movement

Front 12

when a muscle is isometrically contracted its length ____________ change

Back 12

does not

Front 13

which is not a function of cartilage?
A. provides support for certain soft tissues
B. synthesizes red blood cells
C. forms gliding surface at articulations
D. serves as a model for bone formation
E. no exceptions; all are functions

Back 13

B. synthesizes red blood cells

Front 14

which type of cartilage is found in the intervetebral discs?
A. hyaline cartilage
B. fibrocartilage
C. reticular cartilage
D. articular cartilage
E. elastic cartilage

Back 14

B. fibrocrtilage

Front 15

an example of a flat bone would be:
A. femur
B. radius
C. sacrum
D. parietal
E. atlas

Back 15

D. parietal

Front 16

where does hemopoiesis occur?

Back 16

yellow bone marrow

Front 17

the outer layer if a long bone is covered with a layer of connective tissue called the

Back 17

endosteum

Front 18

cells that produce new bone tissue by secreting matrix are called-

Back 18

osterprogenitor cells

Front 19

in general, a skeletal muscle is composed of-

Back 19

connective tissue, neural tissue, epithelial tissue, and muscular tissue

Front 20

if a bone is immersed in a weak acid such as vinegar for several days, its organic components will dissolve. what will be the result of such an experiment?

Back 20

the bone will become soft and flexible

Front 21

in compact bone, the matrix rings that surround the central canal of each osteon are called-

Back 21

lamellae

Front 22

when muscle tension is greater than the resistance (weight) movement ______ occur-

Back 22

will

Front 23

which vitamin is required for the absorption of calcium in the intestines?

Back 23

vitamin D

Front 24

compact bone:
A. contains no lamellae
B. is composed of tubular units called osteones
C. is avascular
D. all the above
E. none of the above

Back 24

B. is composed if tubular units called osteones

Front 25

top endurance runners probably have _________ proportion of slow muscle fibers in their leg muscle

Back 25

a higher

Front 26

what would be a effect on bone growth if a person had an insufficient dietary calcium intake?

Back 26

the matrix would be softer

Front 27

which is not true about bone remodeling?
A. it occurs throughout life
B. is assists in the maintenance of calcium and phosphate levels in the body
C. it occurs at both the endosteal and periosteal surfaces of the bone
D. it occurs only at articular surfaces

Back 27

D. it occurs only at articulation surfaces

Front 28

what organelle stores the calcium required for muscle contraction?

Back 28

sarcoplasmic reticulum

Front 29

spongy bone:
A. contains no ostercytes
B. is composed of tubular units called trabeculae
C. is superficial to compact bone
D. all the above

Back 29

B. is composed if tubular units called trabeculae

Front 30

which is the neurotransmitter that causes the release if calcium ions and initiates the steps of skeletal muscles fiber contraction?

Back 30

actylcholine

Front 31

correct chronological order if bone repair:

Back 31

1. fracture hemotoma (clot) forms
2. fibrocartilaginous callus forms
3. bony callus forms
4. bone is remodeled

Front 32

trochanters, tubercles and tuberosities are bone marking that serve as:

Back 32

attachments for ligaments or tendons

Front 33

which is the correct order in the hierarchy of a skeletal muscles components, beginning with the smallest and ending with the largest?
A. myofibrils
B. muscle fiber
C. fasicle
D. whole muscle

Back 33

a,b,c,d

Front 34

which is the correct order in the hierarchy of the connective tissue layers in skeletal muscle, beginning with the outermost layer and ending with the innermost layer?
A. endomysium
B. epimysium
C. perimysium

Back 34

b,c,a

Front 35

the structure responsible for attaching muscle to bone is a

Back 35

a tendon

Front 36

which protein makes up the thick filaments?

Back 36

myosin

Front 37

a motor unit consists of

Back 37

a single motor neuron and the muscle fibers it is connected to

Front 38

which tpye of muscle contraction occurs when you try to (unsuccessfully) move a wall?

Back 38

isometric

Front 39

a muscle whose name has "orbicularis" in it is ______ in appearance

Back 39

circular

Front 40

a muscle whose name has triceps in it has

Back 40

three muscle heads or tendons of origin

Front 41

where is the A band and Z-disc

Back 41

Front 42

the structural classification of joints is based upon whoch of the following:
A. presence or absence of fibrous tissue
B.presence or absence of cartilage where the bones meet
C. presence or absence of a fluid- filled cavity where bones join
D. all the above

Back 42

D. all the above

Front 43

which of the following is not a component of a typical synovial joint?
A. synovial membrne
B. hyaline cartilage
C. pericardium
D joint cavity

Back 43

C. pericardium

Front 44

rank the following articulations in decreasing order of stability:
A. intervatebral joints
B. sutures
C. glenohumeral joint (sholder)
D. humeroulnar joint (hip)
E. coxal joint (hip)

Back 44

c,e,d,a,b

Front 45

which if the following does not contribute to skin color?
A. hemoglobin
B. carotene
C. melanin
D. Vitamin D

Back 45

vitamin D

Front 46

the superficial layer of the dermis containing dermal "nipples" is called the-

Back 46

papillary layer

Front 47

which of the following is not a normal step in the process of wound repair?
A. regeneration of the epidermis
B. formation of granulation
C. bleeding
D. clotting
E. fibrous

Back 47

fibrous

Front 48

which of the following muscle groups is responsible for flexion of the leg?
A. the quadriceps
B. the adductor group
C. the gastrocemius
D. the hamstrings
E. the hip flexors

Back 48

the hamstrings

Front 49

which of the following are not components of thin filaments?
A. actin
B. troponin
C. myosin
D. tropomyosin

Back 49

troponin

Front 50

place the events involved in muscle contraction on the correct order
A. a nerve impulse causes ACh release at a neurotransmitter junction
B. ACh binds receptors on the motor end plates, intiating a muscles impulse
C. myosin heads attach to form crossbridges
D. calcium ions are released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum
E. calcium ions bind to troponin, casuing tropomyosin to move and expose active sites

Back 50

a,b,d,e,c

Front 51

in the gluteus maximus, each motor unit controls a(n) __________ amount of muscle fibers compared to a motor unit in the eye muscles

Back 51

greater

Front 52

know the anterior cruciate and the lateral meniscus

Back 52

Front 53

what does the number 2 denote

Back 53

sarcolemma

Front 54

what does the number 4 denote

Back 54

myofiliments

Front 55

what does the number 7 denote?

Back 55

myofibril

Front 56

what does "K" denote?

Back 56

sarcoplasmic reticulum

Front 57

true or false:
endochondral ossification is a form of bone growth in which a cartilaginous model is replaced by bone

Back 57

true

Front 58

true or false:
further lengthwise bone growth cannot ouur once the epiphyseal line have formed

Back 58

true

Front 59

true or false:
once we reach adulthood and out bones are fully formed and hardened, they cannot be remodeled

Back 59

false

Front 60

true or false:
in the hierarchy of skeletal muscle fiber components, the myofibril is made up of mtofilaments

Back 60

true

Front 61

true or false:
the energy to drive the myosin movement during skeletal muscle contraction is provided by ATP

Back 61

true

Front 62

true or false:
smooth muscle tissue is found in the organs of the digestive tract and the walls if the blood vessels

Back 62

true

Front 63

true or false:
skeletal muscle cells typically contain multiple nuclei

Back 63

true

Front 64

true or false:
flexion of the are brings the hand closer to the shoulder

Back 64

false

Front 65

true or false:
muscle relaxation is dependent upon the availability of ATP

Back 65

true

Front 66

true or false:
the sarcomere is the smallest functional unit of skeletal muscle

Back 66

true

Front 67

true or flase:
in the limbs, the insertion of a muscle typically lies proximal to its origin

Back 67

false

Front 68

true or false
individual skeletal muscle fibers run the entire length of a muscle

Back 68

true

Front 69

Accessory organs in the skin that release fluid onto the surface of the skin through a duct are properly referred to as __________ glands

Back 69

exocrine

Front 70

the neurons that stimulate muscle contraction are called ________ neurons

Back 70

motor

Front 71

endochondral ossification begins with a(n) _________ model

Back 71

cartilage

Front 72

friction ridges in thick skin are commonly referred to as ________ _________

Back 72

finger prints

Front 73

the humerus is an example of a(n) __________ bone

Back 73

long

Front 74

bone cells called___________ break down bone by secreting hydochloric acid and enzymes that dissolve the matrix

Back 74

osteoclasts

Front 75

lines of _________ indicate the predominant of the underlying collagen fibers in the reticular layer of the dermis

Back 75

cleavage

Front 76

the protein responsible for storing oxygen within skeletal muscle is called _________________

Back 76

myoglobin

Front 77

a sarcomere is defined as the distance from one ________ to the next adjacent ________ (the same answer fills in both spaces)

Back 77

Z-disc

Front 78

the type of muscle that is under involentary control, is striated, and has junctions called intercalated discs is called ____________ muscle

Back 78

cardiac

Front 79

define rigor mortis and explain the molecular mechanisms that cause rigor mortis

Back 79

Rigor Mortis means stiffness after death. Rigor mortis is caused by the leakage of calcium ions from the sarcoplasmic reticulum after death. The calcium ions bind to the troponin complex which moves the tropomyosin complex off of the actin thin filaments allowing the myosin heads to bind to the thin filaments. The myosin heads undergo one round of contraction and remain attached to the actin filaments because ATP is not present to release the cross-bridges.

Front 80

explain how the chemical weapon VX affects neuromuscular junctions

Back 80

The chemical weapon affects the neuromuscular junction by inhibiting the enzyme acetylcholinesterase. This prevents the breakdown of acetylcholine and causes a continuous stimulation (depolarization) of the post-synaptic membrane.