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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
BALL AND SOCKET JOINT
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Movable joint: Diarthroses
Movement in many directions Examples shoulder and hip joint |
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LONG BONE
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Typically longer than wide
Have a shaft with heads at both ends Contain mostly compact bone Examples: Femur, humerus |
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SHORT BONE
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Generally cube-shape
Contain mostly spongy bone Examples: Carpals, tarsals |
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IRREGULAR BONE
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Irregular shape
Do not fit into other bone classification categories Example: Vertebrae and hip |
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FLAT BONE
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Thin and flattened
Usually curved Thin layers of compact bone around a layer of spongy bone Examples: Skull, ribs, sternum |
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PELVIC GRIDDLE MEN VS. WOMEN
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Male pelvis is deep and narrow
Female pelvis broad and shallow, wider inlet to allow babies head to go thorough. Wider pubic angle. |
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ACETABULUM
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Concave surface of the pelvis. The head of the femur meets with the pelvis at the acetabulum, forming the hip joint.
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TENDON
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Attaches Muscle to bone
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LIGAMENTS
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Attaches bone to bone
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MUSCLES INVOLVED IN RESPIRATION
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Principal muscles are the diaphragm, intercostal muscles.
Intercostal muscles elevate the ribs Diaphragm contracts to increase vertical dimension of thoracic cavity. |
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SMOOTH MUSCLE
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Nonstriated
involuntary muscle Found in walls of hollow visceral structures Spindle-shaped cells Single nucleus Also known as Visceral muscle |
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SKELETAL MUSCLE
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Striated
voluntary muscle Cells are multinucleate Makes regular muscles |
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CARDIAC MUSCLE
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Dark bands called intercalated disks that are found between the cells.
Has striations Single nucleus Involuntary Found only in the heart |
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INTRAMUSCULAR INJECTION SITES
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Deltoid (Arm)
Vastus Lateralis (side of leg) Gluteus (Butt) |
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ONLY MOVABLE JOINT IN THE HEAD?
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MANDIBLE
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WHY DO WE HAVE SINUSES IN CRANIUM?
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SO IT IS LIGHTER
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SHOULDER GRIDLE
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SCAPULA + CLAVICLE
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FORMAL NAME FOR KNEE CAP?
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PATELLA
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MUSCLES THAT MOVE LOWER EXTREMITY?
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Iliopsoas: flexes thigh
Gluteus Maximus: extends Thigh Adductor muscles: adduct thighs Hamstring: flexes lower leg Quadriceps femoris: extends lower leg Gastrocnemius, Tibialis anterior and Peroneus group: allow foot movement |
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MUSCLES OF ABDOMEN
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Abdominal: Rectus Abdominis
External and Internal Oblique Transverse Abdominis |
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MUSCLE THAT MOVES HEAD
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STERNOCLEIDOMASTOID - Flexes head
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ANKLE BONES
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Calcaneus (heel bone),
tarsals (ankle bone) Metatarsals Phalanges (toe bones). |
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BICEPS
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Origin: coracoid process of the scapula.
Distally, biceps attaches to (inserts into) the radial tuberosity. |
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EXPLAIN ALL OR NOTHING CONCEPT FOR MUSCLES
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There needs to be a certain level of stimulation for muscle to contract. If the stimulus is enough the muscle will contract and is unstoppable.
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DIARTHROSES JOINT
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Free movement
Most joints belong to this class Joint capsule and ligaments holding adjoining bones together but permit movement at joint. Articular cartilage-covers joint ends of bones. Synovial membrane-lines joint capsule and secretes lubricating fluid |
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MOTOR UNIT
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Motor neuron that innervates muscle fiber
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THRESHOLD STIMULUS
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stimulus that is just strong enough to evoke a response
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RIBS
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24 ribs (12 pairs).
first seven sets "true ribs" directly attached to the sternum through the costal cartilage. The following five sets "false ribs", three of these sharing a common cartilaginous connection to the sternum, while the last two (eleventh and twelfth ribs) are termed floating ribs They are attached to the vertebrae only |
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TYPES OF BONE
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Spongy: thread of trabeculae surrounded by network of open spaces, contains red bone marrow. Located in epiphysis
Compact: har and dense, diaphysis Cartilage: chondrocyte cell, flexible |
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FUNCTIONS OF SKELETAL MUSCLE
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Movement
Posture: tonic contraction, enables us to maintain body position. Only a few of a muscle’s fibers shorten at one time Produce no movement of body parts Heat production Fever: elevated body temperature. Hypothermia: reduced body temperature |
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PRIME MOVER
SYNERGYST ANTAGONIST |
Prime mover: muscle whose contraction is mainly responsible for producing a given movement
Synergist: muscle that helps the prime muscle move. Antagonist: oppose the action of a prime mover |
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WAYS FOR MUSCLE TO MAKE ENERGY (ATP)
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Glycolisis:30 – 60 sec of energy, Anaerobic. Glucose is broken down to pyruvic acid and then to lactic acid (makes muscles sore).1 glucose makes 2 ATPs Not an efficient process, but is does happen fast
Phosphorilation:Uses creatin phosphate: 1 CP gives 1 ATP Anaerobic reaction Krebs Cycle:Needs Oxygen: Aerobic. Generates 36 ATPs every 1 glucose Efficient process. |
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ATROPHY
HYPERTROPHY |
Prolonged inactivity causes disuse: atrophy
Hypertrophy: Regular exercise increases muscle size,(No more muscle fibers, just size increase) |
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SYNARTHROSES
AMPHYANTHROSES DIARTHROSES |
Synarthroses: No movement
Amphiarthroses ;Slight movement Diarthroses:Free movement |