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58 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
Epi- |
Above |
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Physis |
Growth |
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Dia- |
Between |
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Cortical Bone |
Hard, dense, strong bone that forms the outer layer of bone. Also called compact bone. |
Cortex = bark or shell in Latin |
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Cancellous Bone |
Lighter, less strong bone that is found in the ends and inner portions of long bones. Also called spongy bone. |
Cancellous = latticework in Latin |
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Epiphysis |
Wide end of a long bone, which is covered with articular cartilage and is composed of cancellous bone. |
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Peri- |
Surrounding |
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-um |
Structure |
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Endo- |
Within or inner |
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Meta |
Beyond |
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Diaphysis |
Shaft of a long bone that is composed mainly of compact bone |
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Physis |
Cartilage segment of a long bone that involves growth of the bone Also called growth plate or epiphyseal cartilage |
growth plate or epiphyseal cartilage |
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Metaphysis |
Wider part of long bone shaft located adjacent to the physis In adult animals it's considered part of the epiphysis |
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Periosteum |
Tough, fibrous tissue that forms the outer covering of bone |
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Endosteum |
Tough, fibrous tissue that forms the lining of the medullary cavity |
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Long bones |
Bones consisting of a shaft, two ends, and a marrow cavity
Ex: femur |
Femur |
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Short bones |
Cube-shaped bones with no marrow cavity Ex: carpal bones |
carpal bones |
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Flat bones |
Thin, flat bones Ex: pelvis |
Pelvis |
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Pneumatic bones |
Sinus-containing bones Ex: frontal bones |
Frontal bones |
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Irregular bones |
Unpaired bones Ex: vertebrae |
Vertebrae |
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Sesamoid bones |
Small bones embedded in a tendon Ex: patella Only exception is the distal sesamoid of the horse |
Patella |
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Musculoskeletal system |
Consists of two systems that work together to support the body and allow movement of the animal |
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Ostification |
Formation of bone from fibrous tissue, continues until maturity, which varies with species |
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Bone growth is balanced between the actions of |
Osteoblasts and osteoclasts |
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Oste/o |
Bone |
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-Blasts |
Immature |
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Osteoblasts |
Immature bone cells that produce bony tissue |
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Osteoclasts |
Phagocystic cells that eat away bony tissue from the medullary cavity of long bone |
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-clasts |
Break |
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Osteocytes |
Mature osteoblasts |
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Red bone marrow |
Located in cancellous bone It's hematopoietic |
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Hematopoietic |
Forms red, white, and clotting blood cells |
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-poietic |
Pertaining to formation |
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Medullary cavity |
Inside long bone. Contains yellow bone marrow. |
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Yellow bone marrow |
Composed mainly of fat cells and serves as a fat storage area In adult animals, yellow marrow replaces red. |
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Cartilage |
Another form of connective tissue that is more elastic than bone. This makes it useful in the more flexible portions of the skeleton. |
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Articular cartilage |
Specific type of cartilage, covers the joint surfaces of bone |
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Meniscus |
Curved fibrous cartilage found in some joints, such as the canine stifle, that cushions forces applied to the joint |
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Joints are also called |
Articulations |
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Articulate |
Join in a way that allows motion between the parts |
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Synarthroses |
Allow no movement |
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Amphiarthroses |
Allow slight movement |
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Diarthroses |
Allow free movement Ex: synovial joints |
synovial joints |
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Suture |
Jagged line where bones join and form a nonmovable joint |
Typically found on the skull |
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Fontanelle |
Soft spot remaining at the junction of sutures that usually closes after birth |
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Symphysis |
Joint where two bones join and are held firmly together so that they function as one bone Ex: mandibular symphysis or pelvic symphysis |
mandibular symphysis, pelvic symphysis |
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Another term for symphysis |
Cartilaginous joint |
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Synovial joints classified as |
●Ball-and-socket joints ●Arthrodial joints ●Trochoid joints ●Ginglymus joints |
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Other names for ball-and-socket joint |
●Enarthrosis joints ●Spheroid joints |
Two types |
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Another name for Arthrodial joints |
Condyloid joints |
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Another name for trochoid joint |
Pivot joint |
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Another name for ginglymus joint |
Hinge joints |
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Ball-and-socket joint |
Allow a wide range of motion in many directions
Ex: hip, shoulder joint |
hip, shoulder joint |
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Arthrodial joints |
Have oval projections that fit into a socket Ex: carpal joints |
Carpal joints |
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Trochoid joints |
Include pulley-shaped joints
Ex: connection between the Atlas to the axis
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connection between the Atlas to the axis |
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Hinge joints |
Allow motion in one plane or direction
Ex: canine stifle and elbow joints |
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Gliding joints |
Move or glide over each other
Ex: radioulnar joint or the articulating process between successive vertebrae |
radioulnar joint or the articulating process between successive vertebrae |
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Saddle joint |
ONLY IN PRIMATES Located at carpometacarpal joint of thumb Gives ability to flex, extend, abduct, adduct, and circumduct the thumb |
Only in primates |