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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Why are amino acids necessary?
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Amino Acids make Proteins, which are the main N source
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How much Nitrogen is needed a day for protein synthesis?
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.5 lb
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What causes Kwashiorkor?
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A Protein Deficiency.
Symptoms: Swollen Belly |
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What causes Marasmus?
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A caloric defiency; symptoms of Kwas. also evident
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What is the function of urease?
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Reconverts urea to Co2 and NH3; mammals lack this enzyme
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What enzyme is typically not found in blood plasma?
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Cysteine; Cystine forms instead
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Which amino acid is needed in infants but not at all needed for adults?
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Histidine
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What are the essential amino acids?
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Valine Leucine Isoleucine Tyrosine Tryptophan Methionine Phenylalanine Histidine
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What "problem" was involved regarding Histidine as an essential acid?
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Histidine is not needed for individual cells but overall is needed
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What problem was involved regarding arginine as a nonessential amino acid?
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Arginine is synthesized in the body; arginase breaks it down in the liver-->some arginine must be ingested
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How is carnosine formed?
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B-alanine and histidine condense; ATP required rxn where ATP --> AMP + PPi
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How can carnosine be broken down?
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H20-->back to B-alanine + Histidine; ATP formed
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Which amino acids are toxic?
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Cysteine; forms Cystine-->kidney stones
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How is the nitrogen balance in non-growing individuals?
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Balanced: ingested= excreted
Positive: ingested > excreted Negative: ingested < excreted |
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Which 2 amino acids cannot form a-keto analogs to be converted to amino acids?
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lysine and threonine
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What is Taurine formed from?
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L-Cysteine
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What functional groups does Taurine possess?
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Sulfuric Acid & Amino Group
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What is Taurine used for?
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Bile Salt; Neurotransmitter
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What stereoisomeric form of amino acid is used for protein synthesis?
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L-amino acids
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What is the function of D-amino acid oxidases?
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Can oxidize d-amino acids to a-KG analog, which can eventually be reduced to L-amino acid
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