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60 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Bering Land BRidge |
Ocean levels dropped more than 300 felt lower than they are today, and when the sea level fell it exposed a land bridge between northeaster Asia and present day Alaska
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Leif Eriksson |
first man to discover North America |
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Prince Henry the Navigator |
portugese man in the 1400's that was responsible for advances that would make exploration more successful- school of navigation and better methods of sailing and observatory |
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astrolabe |
a device that enabled navigators to learn their ship's location by charting the position of the stars |
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caravels what shape were there sails? |
Smaller lighter and easier ships to steer than the ones used before- they had triangle sails that allowed ships to sail against the wind |
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Bartolomeu Dias |
Portuguese explorer that found the Cape of Good Hope |
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Vasco de Gama |
Portuguese explore that won the European race fora sea route to Asia |
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Results of the Portuegese exploration? |
They found gold, ivory, and slaves |
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Christopher Columbus |
A sailor from Italy whom asked the king and queen for a ship in trade for new riches, new territory, and Catholic converts They made it to the bahamas in 1492 He made three journeys back to the new land which he thought was Asia |
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Line of Demarcation |
This line divided the Atlantic Ocean forSpain and Portugal- Spain got all the land west of the line |
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The Treat of Tordesillas |
It moved the Line of Demarcation 800 miles west
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Amerigo Vespucci |
Let the Spanish fleet to the coast of present-day South America
A German mapmaker labeled America after him
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Vasco del Balboa |
In 1513 he was the explorer to see the pacific ocean |
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ferdinand magellan |
a portuguese navigator who circumnavigated the globe |
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circumnavigate |
go all the way around the globe |
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Columbian Exchange |
The Europeans took plants and animals with them to the Americas and brought back a variety of new plants and animals to Europe, Asia, and Africa
This exchange also brought new deadly diseases to Americas and many died because the native Americans had no natural resistance
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conquistadors |
soldiers who led millitary expeditions in the America |
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Hernan Cortes |
left Cuba to sail to present day Mexico in 1519 in search of a wealthy land ruled by Moctezuma II
Cortes convinced Moctezuma he was a god but then captured moctezuma and they were both eventually killed |
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Francisco Pizarro |
captured the Inca capital and killed the Inca leaders and by 1534 they had conquered the entire Inca Empire
The Spanish called their new empire New Spain |
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Ponce De Leon
Who came after him to explore what he had found? |
Explorer that conquered Puerto Rico and ound Florida
Hernando de Soto went to explore the coastal regio nof the Gulf of Mexico |
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Alvar Nunez Cabeza de Vaca aka De Vaka |
his entire ship wrecked except for him and three other men who were then taken and enslaved
he called for better treatement of the native americans |
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Encomienda system |
gave settlers the right to tax local Native Americans or to make them work- these settlers in exchange were supposed to protect the Native American people and convert them into Christianity |
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plantations |
large farms that grew just one kind of crop |
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Bartolome De Las Casas |
Priest that stated that they should try to convert the Native Americans to Christianity by showing them love, gentleness, and kindness
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Protestant Reformation |
Religious movement that stated the church was too wealthy and abused it's power |
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Protestants |
Reformers who protested some of the Catholic Church's practices |
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Spanish Armada |
a huge fleet of warships meant to end English plans |
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Northwest Passage |
a water route through North America that would allow ships to sail from the Atlantic to the Pacific |
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Jacques Cartier |
a french sailor that led France's next major exploration of North America- he made two trips to canada |
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charter |
a document giving him permission to start a colony |
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immune |
had a natural resistance |
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plantation agriculture was |
a mainstay of the colonial economic structure
which meaning it was important to the economy |
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MIddle Passage |
the voyage across the Atlantic Ocean that enslaved Africans were forced to endure |
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African Diaspora |
(Diaspora means scattering of people) Enslaved Africans were sent all across the New World |
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Paleo-Indians |
people that crossed the Bering Land Bridge |
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migration |
a movement of people or animals from one region to another |
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hunger-gatherers |
people who hunted animals and gathered wild plants for food |
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environments |
climates and landscapes that surround livingthings |
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culture |
a group's set of common values and traditions, including language, government, and family relationships |
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Olmec |
earliest known civilization in Mesoamerica |
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Aztec |
fear warriors with good millitary ability trade and tribute paid by conquered people in the form of cotton, gold, and food made the Aztec rich |
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Inca |
known for building art and had about 12 million people in their large empire |
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pueblos |
aboveground houses made of a heavy clay called adobe |
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kivas |
underground ceremonial chambers |
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totems |
ancestor or animal spirits on tall, wooden poles |
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teepees |
cone shaped shelters |
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matrilineal |
people traced their ancestry through their mothers, not their fathers |
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Iroquois League |
an alliance that was establisehed by the Cayga, Mohawk, Oneida, Onodaga, and Seneca An allianance that made the Iroquois one of the most powerful Native American peoples in North America |
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Berbers |
a group of people from nothern AFrica |
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Mansa Musa |
Malis most famous ruler
under Mansa Musas rule Mali reached the height of its wealth, power, and fame |
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hajj |
pilgrimage ot Mecca |
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mosques |
buldings for Muslim prayer |
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Askia the Great |
His real name was Muhammad Ture, one of Songhai's greatest rulers |
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reason |
clear and ordered thinking |
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democracy |
a form of government in which people rule themselves |
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knights |
warriors who fought on horseback, they were given land in exhcange for military service |
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black death |
a disease that spread across Europe that killed an estimated 25 million people |
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Two greatest Renaissance artists |
Michelangelo and Leonardo da Vinci |
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Johannes Gutenberg |
developed he first printing pres that used movable type- this means that thousands of people could read the smae books and share ideas about htem |
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join-stock companies |
businesses in which a group of people invest togheter |