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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What are the three government systems England had in the New World? |
Local, Legislative, and Limited |
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Local Government |
Organized quickly to provide order and leadership for pioneer communities |
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Legislative Government |
Reinforced principle of representation, encouraged political participation and provided leadership training in the difficult job of self-government. |
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Limited Government |
Government is limited by laws that everyone, including the king, had to obey. |
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What were the two "catalystic events" in 1760? |
1. French and Indian war 2. George III took power in Britain |
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Stamp Act of 1765 |
One of the tax acts that produced resentment towards Britain from America. |
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Petition of Right |
Document guaranteeing basic civil liberties to all British subjects. |
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Boston Massacre |
British soldiers opened fire on colonials that were hurling snowballs and insults at them. |
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Boycott |
An act of protest in which business is withheld or refused. |
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The First Continental Congress (1774) |
Issued a declaration of grievances to George III and defined the colonists' political rights as Americans, not simply as British subjects. |
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What were the two goals of the Second Continental Congress? (1775-89) |
1. Deal with the military emergency around Boston 2. Present a formal Declaration of Independence |
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What was the basis of The Declaration of Independence? |
"These United Colonies are, and of right ought to be, free and independent states." |
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Thomas Jefferson |
Wrote the Declaration of Independence. |
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John Hancock |
President of the Continental Congress. Signed the Declaration with a large, bold signature, stating: "There, King George will be able to read that without his spectacles!" |
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What were Jefferson's four major laws? |
1. All humans are "created equal." 2. All humans are "endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights" which include "Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of happiness." 3. Governments are instituted "to secure these rights". 4. If governments become destructive of these ends "they may be rightfully absolved". |
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Deism |
Belief that God created the world and now leaves it alone for the most part. |
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Social Contract |
Theory that nations are bound by a covenant to God and the government is bound by a covenant to its people. |
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The Articles of Confederation |
Result of an attempt to establish a central government based on the consent of newly formed state governments. |
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Ratification |
Required unanimous consent of all 13 states to pass a law. |
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Unicameral |
One house legislature |
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What two events focused the states' attention on improving the national government? |
1. Commercial dispute between Virginia and Maryland was settled at Mount Vernon, George Washington's house, bringing hope that working together was still possible. 2. Shay's Rebellion brought the country together against the idea of Anarchy. |
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Annapolis Convention |
Poorly attended but passed a proposal to meet in Philadelphia to figure out how to make the constitution adapt to the needs of the country. |
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Constitutional Convention |
Four months of solving difficult debates and tough questions about America |
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George Washington |
Chosen as the president of the convention |
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What were the two rules of the Constitutional Convention? |
1. No discussion of the convention's activity could be held outside of the hall 2. Organised as a committee of the whole. |
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James Madison |
Took the most detailed notes of the convention. |
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Virginia Plan |
Bicameral congress with the number of representatives based on a state's population or on the amount of revenue a state provided for the government. |
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New Jersey Plan |
Advocated Unicameral congress with a one-state, one-vote system. |
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What was the Great Compromise? |
Roger Sherman proposed that the lower hoise utilize the Virginia Plan and the senate utilize the New Jersey plan. |
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Three-Fifths compromise |
Three-Fifths of a state's slaves counted in its house representation but they still had to pay full tax on the slaves. |
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What were the three main issues of the Constitutional Covention? |
I. Representation II. Slavery III. Commerce |
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Federalists |
Advocates of the new Consitution. |
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Anti-Federalists |
Oppossers to the new Constitution. |
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The Federalist Papers |
A collection of newspaper essays written under the pen name Publius by Hamilton, Madison, and Jay that advocated the new Constitution. |