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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the steroid nucleus?
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17 carbon
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What is designated as above or below the plane for the steroid hormone?
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β: above
α: below |
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What are the 21 carbon steroids?
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1) progestin
2) corticosteroids |
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What is the 19 carbon steroid?
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androgen (DHEA, testosterone)
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What is the 18 carbon steroid?
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estrogen
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What is the general pathway for steroid synthesis for progesterone?
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1) cholesterol remove that long group on top and add an aceitic acid (desmolase) -->
2) <b> pregenolone </b> 3) change the OH at the bottom of the cholesterol into a carboxyl group and switch around the location of the double bond using a dehydrogenase-isomerase 4)<b> progesterone </b> </img> |
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What is the general pathway for aldosterone?
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1) cholesterol remove that long group on C17and add an aceitic acid (desmolase) -->
2) <b> pregenolone </b> 3) change the OH at the bottom (C3) of the cholesterol into a carboxyl group and switch around the location of the double bond using a dehydrogenase-isomerase 4)<b> progesterone </b> 5) add an OH group on top (C21) using 21-hydroxylase 6) <b>11-deoxycorticosterone (DOC) </b> 7) add another OH on the side using 11-Β hydroxylase 8)<b>corticosterone</b> 9)add an formyl group on the top center using 18-hydroxylase 10) hydroxycorticosterone 11) 18 hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (makes formyl group) 12)<b> aldosterone</b> </img> |
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What is the general pathway for cortisol?
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1) cholesterol remove that long group on top and add an aceitic acid (desmolase) -->
2) <b> pregenolone </b> 3) change the OH at the bottom of the cholesterol into a carboxyl group and switch around the location of the double bond using a dehydrogenase-isomerase 4)<b> progesterone </b> then convert progesterone into 17-αOH progesterone OR 5) go directly from 17-α hydroxy pregenolone to 17α OH progesterone using 17αOH hydroxylase adding an OH to the C17 where everything is happening 6) <b>17 α OH progesterone </b> 7) add an OH to the C 21 using 21-hydroxylase 8)<b>11-deoxy cortisol</b> 9)Add an OH to the C11 using 11-Β hydroxylase 10)<b> cortisol </b> </img> |
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What is the general pathway for testosterone?
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1) go through DHEA from 17 OH pregenolone
OR 2) go through 17 OH progesterone |
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What is the pathway for making testosterone going through DHEA?
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1) start with cholesterol
2) go from pregenelone to 17OH pregenelone 3) replace whats on C21 with a carbonyl to with C17,20 lyase 4) <b>DHEA</b> 5) turning C3 into a carbonyl and then moving the double bond around using 3βOH dehydrogenase isomerase 9)<b> androstenedione </b> 10) turn the carbonyl on C17 to a OH using 17-ΒOH steroid dehydrogenase 11) <b>testosterone</b> </img> |
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What is the pathway for making testosterone not going through DHEA and androstenedione instead?
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1) start with choelsterol
2) go to δ5 pregenolone or 17αOH pregenelone 3) go through progesterone if you went through 5 δ pregenolone or directly to 17 α OH progesterone if you went through 17 α pregenolone 4) remove what is on C21 and 17 by changing it to a carbonyl only using 17,21 lyase 5) <b>androstenedione</b> 6) add an OH where the carbonyl was on C17 using 17-Β OH steroid dehydrogenase 7)<b> testosterone</b> |
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What is the pathway towards estradiol?
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1)Go to testosterone through DHEA or androstenedione
2) aromatize the leftmost ring and turn it into a phenol group using aromatizing enzyme system 3)generate 19-nortestosterone which is an intermediate 4)<b>estradiol 17 Β OH </b> |
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What is the site of ACTH action?
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cholesterol side chain cleavage
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Choleserol side chain cleavage is the site of action of what hormone?
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ACTH
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What hormone is produced regardless of ACTH stimulation?
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aldosterone
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What is corticosterone and what does it do?
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1)major product of adrenal cortex
2)has both glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid activities |
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What enzyme is the site of angiotensin II and III and only present in the zona glomerulosa?
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18-hydroxylase
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What two enzymes make up aldosterone synthase?
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18-hydroxylase
18-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase |
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What is the 17 α hydroxylase pathway associated with?
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cortisol and adrogen production
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How is the production of cortisol regulated?
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ACTH acts on the cholesterol side chain cleavage (desmolase reaction)
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Is the zona glomerulosa the only source of aldosterone? Does it produce cortisol or sex steroids?
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The zone glomerulosa is the only source of aldosterone, it does not produce cortisol or sex steroids
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Where will you find 18-hydroxylase in the body?
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adrenal cortex zona glomerulosa
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Where will you not find 17 α hydroxylase?
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zona glomerulosa
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Why do you only find 18hydroxylase in the zona glomerulosa and 17α hydroxylase in zona fasiculata and reticularis?
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18hydroxylase is used to make aldosterone
17αhydroxylase is used to make cortisol and adrogens |
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What two important hormones does the zonae fasciulata and reticularis make?
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17 hydroxlyase (androgen and cortisol) and C17,C20 lyase (adrogen)
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Is the zone glomerulosa dependent on ACTH?
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no
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Are the zonae fasiculata and reticularis dependent on ACTH?
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yes
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How are corticosteroids degraded by the body?
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1) liver modifies them by reducing the A ring and making a Δ4,3 ketone to a tetrohydroderivative
3) excretion of metabolic products in urine |
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What are the members of the ACTH family?(3)
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1)Melanophore stimulating hormone (MSH)
2) Endorphin 3) Lipotrophic Hormone/Lipotrophin |
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What is the precursor molecule for the members of the ACTH family?
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pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC)
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How do you get from POMC to the ACTH family?
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proteolytic cleavage at basic AA residues and this processing is dependent on the site
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What are the three sites that generate the ACTH family members?
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anterior lobe of pituitary
intermediate lobe of pituitary brain |
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What members of the ACTH family is generated in the anterior lobe of the pituitary? (2)
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ACTH
endorphin |
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What member of the ACTH family is generated in the intermediate lobe of the pituitary?
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α MSH
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What member(s) of ACTH family are generated on the the brain?
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1) ACTH
2) β endorphin 3) α MSH |
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What is the function of MSH?
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darken skin by dispersion of melanosomes
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What inhibits ACTH, MSH and Endorphin release?
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glucocorticoids like coritsol
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What is the function of LPH?
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lipolysis
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What is the function of Beta endorphin?
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endogenous opiate
analgesia mood |
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What stimulates endorphin release?
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CRH
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