Admin Of Justice Final Review

Front 1

most defendants are detained in jail while awaiting trial

Back 1

false

Front 2

if Jake is convicted in the US district court and then loses his appeal in the US court of appeals, he has the right to have the US supreme court review his case

Back 2

false

Front 3

the purpose of a preliminary hearing is to determine the guilt of a defendant

Back 3

false

Front 4

a nolo contendre, or no-contest plea, at arraignment is different from a guilty plea in that it is not an admission of guilt

Back 4

true

Front 5

2 types of courts function in the American criminal justice system: state courts and federal courts

Back 5

true

Front 6

when an appeal is granted, courts within the appellate division conduct a new trial.

Back 6

false

Front 7

in some instances, state courts will try a case involving federal law

Back 7

false

Front 8

most convictions, when appealed to a higher court, will be reversed

Back 8

false

Front 9

there are 12 US supreme court justices

Back 9

false

Front 10

at least 4 us supreme court justices must vote in favor of a hearing for a case to be heard

Back 10

true

Front 11

plea bargaining is becoming increasingly rare, especially in urban court systems

Back 11

false

Front 12

an arraignment, a bail hearing, or a trial for a felony offense would be conducted at which tier of a state court system

Back 12

trial court of general jurisdiction

Front 13

courts that have the authority to review a decision made by a lower court are said to have

Back 13

appellate jurisdiction

Front 14

all of the following are true statements about the US supreme court except

Back 14

once confirmed, a justice serves an eight year term

Front 15

thomas henderson's decisional model describes the lower court process as

Back 15

informal and decisive

Front 16

on appeal, when a trial court of general jurisdiction offers a new trial instead of the review of the lower court's decision, it is giving a

Back 16

trial de novo

Front 17

the bail decision is made at what stage of the court process

Back 17

1st appearance

Front 18

in which court would a felony trial be held in the federal court system

Back 18

district court

Front 19

McNabb v. US formally establishes that a defendant has to appear at a first appearance within how many hours after arrest

Back 19

48

Front 20

which US supreme court case established the court's authority as the final interpreter of the US constitution

Back 20

Marbury v. Madison

Front 21

one purpose of ______ is to help ensure the reappearance of the accused at trial

Back 21

bail

Front 22

which of the following is not an alternative to bail?

Back 22

nolo contendre

Front 23

the dual court system consists of

Back 23

state and federal courts

Front 24

states that followed the federal court model have how many tiers

Back 24

3

Front 25

a state misdemeanor case is likely to start in

Back 25

a trial court of limited jurisdiction

Front 26

what court is the first appellate level for courts of limited jurisdiction

Back 26

trial courts of general jurisdiction

Front 27

which of the following does not occur at the first appearance?

Back 27

a defendant has the opportunity to cross-examine witnesses

Front 28

about what percentage of criminal defendants are released pending the outcome of their case

Back 28

63%

Front 29

which of the following statements about grand juries is false

Back 29

defendants can cross-examine prosecution witnesses during a grand jury hearing

Front 30

what type of plea is similar to a guilty plea

Back 30

nolo contendere

Front 31

what is the primary purpose of the preliminary hearing

Back 31

to give the defendant the opportunity to challenge the legal basis for his or her detention

Front 32

exculpatory evidence is info having a tendency to clear a person of guilt or blame

Back 32

true

Front 33

a prosecutor is absolutely immune from civil liability when giving advice to the police

Back 33

false

Front 34

suspects have the constitutional right to represent themselves

Back 34

true

Front 35

an indignent suspect charged with a misdemeanor for which he or she could be sentenced to a term of imprisonment has the constitutional right to be represented by counsel

Back 35

true

Front 36

the Missouri plan for judicial selection includes elements of judicial selection by election and appointment

Back 36

true

Front 37

a peremptory challenge allows attorneys to remove potential jurors, but the attorneys must give a reason for doing so

Back 37

false

Front 38

peremptory challenges are limited in number

Back 38

true

Front 39

a US supreme court case effectively made constitutional guarantees of a speedy trial applicable to state governments as well as the federal government

Back 39

true

Front 40

all of the following are considered professionals in the courtroom work group except:

Back 40

the victim

Front 41

which statement is false regarding the role of the judge in the courtroom work group?

Back 41

the judge is responsible for presenting the state's case against the defendant

Front 42

which work group member has the responsibility of demonstrating to a jury that a defendant is guilty beyond a reasonable doubt?

Back 42

the prosecutor

Front 43

who keeps order in the courtroom and announces the judge's entry to the courtroom?

Back 43

the bailiff

Front 44

which US supreme court case established the right to counsel for juvenile defendants?

Back 44

In Re Gault

Front 45

the federal speed trial act allows for the dismissal of charges when the prosecution does not seek indictment within 30 days of arrest, or when a trial does not begin within _____ days after indictment

Back 45

70

Front 46

which of the following is not a type of juror challenge?

Back 46

challenge for knowledge

Front 47

the _____ is a two-sided structure under which the American criminal trial court operates that pits the prosecution against the defense

Back 47

adversarial system

Front 48

weapons, tire tracks, and fingerprints are what type of evidence?

Back 48

real evidence

Front 49

court appointed defense attorneys whose fees are paid at a set rate by local or state government are also called

Back 49

assigned counsel

Front 50

research indicates that rehabilitation works. most offenders do not commit additional crimes after serving their sentences

Back 50

false

Front 51

in 2005 the US supreme court issued a decision that rendered the federal sentencing guidelines merely advisory

Back 51

true

Front 52

although most state felony cases are resolved by negotiated pleas, suspects charged with a federal felony usually go to trial

Back 52

false

Front 53

indeterminate sentencing is also sometimes called presumptive sentencing

Back 53

false

Front 54

specific deterrence seeks to reduce the likelihood of recidivism by convicted offenders

Back 54

true

Front 55

most research has clearly demonstrated that the death penalty often deters potential offenders from committing crime

Back 55

false

Front 56

according to the principle of equity, defendants should receive roughly the same sentence when the circumstances of the crimes they committed are similar

Back 56

true

Front 57

fines are one of the oldest and most widely used type of criminal sanction

Back 57

true

Front 58

between 1967 and 1977, a de facto moratorium existed with no executions carried out in any US jurisdiction

Back 58

true

Front 59

which of the following is not one of the goals of contemporary sentencing?

Back 59

mitigation

Front 60

which sentencing goal stresses vengeance?

Back 60

retribution

Front 61

separating offenders from the community furthers which sentencing goal

Back 61

incapacitation

Front 62

which sentencing goal is closely associated with the phrase "an eye for an eye"?

Back 62

retribution

Front 63

_____ deterrence seeks to reduce the likelihood of recidivism by convicted offenders.

Back 63

specific

Front 64

which sentencing goal attempts to make the victim "whole again"?

Back 64

restoration

Front 65

a sentence of 8 to 25 with the possibility of parole is an example of a?

Back 65

indeterminate sentence

Front 66

proportionality holds that

Back 66

the severity of sanctions should bear a direct relationship to the seriousness of the crime

Front 67

a model of criminal punishment in which an offender is given a fixed term that may be reduced by good time or gain time

Back 67

determinate

Front 68

cooperating with the authorities, good character,and no prior record are examples of

Back 68

mitigating

Front 69

who is the final arbiter of the actual sentence served in a state that relies on a indeterminate sentencing scheme

Back 69

the parole board

Front 70

which sentencing practice specifies a sentencing range for each criminal offense

Back 70

indeterminate

Front 71

"truth in sentencing" guarantees that offenders will serve at least _____ percent of their sentence

Back 71

85%

Front 72

when a judge prior to sentencing requests info on the background of a convicted defendant, it is called a

Back 72

presentence investigation

Front 73

_____ fines take into account the financial resources of the offender

Back 73

day

Front 74

what is the primary tool of the just deserts model

Back 74

imprisonment

Front 75

what goal of sentencing is sometimes referred to as the "lock 'em up approach"

Back 75

incapacitation

Front 76

in indeterminate sentencing states, what is the primary determinant of the amount of time served

Back 76

inmate behavior while incarcerated

Front 77

three strikes laws are representative of

Back 77

mandatory sentencing

Front 78

what percentage of federal cases are the result of guilty pleas

Back 78

90%

Front 79

the US supreme court in its opinion, Gregg v Georgia, approved a two-step trial procedure in

Back 79

death penalty cases

Front 80

how many states have capital punishment laws

Back 80

38

Front 81

the opposite of aggravating circumstances in sentencing is

Back 81

mitigating circumstances

Front 82

what percentage of death row inmates are male?

Back 82

98.4%

Front 83

what method of execution is used in most staes

Back 83

lethal injection

Front 84

nationwide, approximately 89% of parolees successfully complete parole

Back 84

false

Front 85

of the offenders who are released on parole, only about 3% of them will be reincarcerated within 3 yrs

Back 85

false

Front 86

a probation officer does not need a search warrant or probable cause to search probationer's residence

Back 86

true

Front 87

because federal probation officers are not law enforcement officers they have no authority to arrest

Back 87

false

Front 88

offenders who have been paroled generally avoid serving time in prison, while probationers are incarcerated before release

Back 88

false

Front 89

if a probationer does not claim a right to self-incrimination, any statements made to a probation officer may be used as evidence

Back 89

true

Front 90

which of the following statements about probation is false

Back 90

convicted murderers and rapists cannot be sentenced to probation

Front 91

which intermediate sanction resembles a military-style boot camp?

Back 91

shock incarceration

Front 92

revocation of probation of parole

Back 92

requires a hearing before a legally constituted hearing body to determine if the conditions of probation or parole were violated

Front 93

in Simmons v. California, the US supreme court held that

Back 93

the police may search a parolee for the sole reason that he or she is on parole

Front 94

the serious violent offender reentry initiative (svori) has found that _____ reduce recidivism

Back 94

vocational and work release programs improve job skills and will

Front 95

probation is ordered by the ...

Back 95

court

Front 96

which US supreme court decision ruled that probation officers may search a probationer's residence without a search warrant

Back 96

Griffin v. Wisconsin

Front 97

what is the most common form of criminal sentencing in the US

Back 97

probation

Front 98

nationwide, approximately what percentage of inmates successfully complete parole

Back 98

46%

Front 99

which of the following is not one of the most frequent violations for which revocation occurs?

Back 99

armed robbery

Front 100

which typed of sentence requires that offenders serve time in a local jail before a period of supervised probation

Back 100

split sentence

Front 101

which of the following intermediate sanctions exposes offenders to highly regimented environment involving strict discipline, physical training, and hard labor?

Back 101

shock incarceration

Front 102

what kind of parole hearing determines whether the parolee has violated the conditions of his or her parole?

Back 102

revocation hearing

Front 103

design capacity refers to what the prison can accommodate according to experts

Back 103

false

Front 104

_____ incapacitation seeks to identify the most dangerous criminals

Back 104

selective

Front 105

which of the following is not a dimension that can be used to measure prison crowding

Back 105

the prison's fiscal budget

Front 106

the number of privileges given to inmates continues to increase

Back 106

false

Front 107

which of the following SC cases held that correctional officers employed by a private firm are not entitled to qualified immunity from suits from prisoners?

Back 107

richardson v. mcknight

Front 108

most states use a _____ system to assign inmates to custody levels

Back 108

classification

Front 109

most states have one large _____ institution

Back 109

centrally located maximum-security

Front 110

violent offenders cannot be incarcerated in a minimum-security facility

Back 110

false

Front 111

_____ incapacitation is a strategy that would imprison almost all serious offenders

Back 111

collective

Front 112

which level of security is highest within the federal prison system

Back 112

administrative maximum

Front 113

a prison is a confinement facility administered by an agency of local government

Back 113

false

Front 114

what state became the first in modern times to reinstitute the use of the prison chain gang

Back 114

alabama

Front 115

more politically conservative states make less use of imprisonment than more liberal states

Back 115

false

Front 116

most people processed through the countries jails are white

Back 116

false

Front 117

in 2003 the US had how many county jails

Back 117

3,360

Front 118

the largest growth group in jails nationwide is

Back 118

females

Front 119

whites are incarcerated at lower rates than blacks

Back 119

true

Front 120

which term refers to the size of the inmate population a facility can handle according to the judgment of experts

Back 120

rated capacity

Front 121

_____ capacity is the number of inmates that a facility can effectively accommodate based on an approval of the institution's staff, programs and services.

Back 121

operational

Front 122

which of the following is a latin term meaning "after the fact"?

Back 122

ex post facto

Front 123

medium and low security facilities in the federal prison system are called

Back 123

federal correctional institutions

Front 124

the typical Amerian prison today is

Back 124

minimum or medium custody

Front 125

operational capacity is

Back 125

the # of inmates a prison can effectively accommodate based upon management considerations

Front 126

how many institutions are there in the federal prison system

Back 126

103

Front 127

inmates are generally housed in dormitory-like settings and are free to walk the yard in _____ security institutions

Back 127

minimum

Front 128

death-row inmates are placed in minimum security institutions

Back 128

false

Front 129

jails that are built and run using the combined resources of a variety of local jurisdictions are called

Back 129

regional jails

Front 130

_____ becomes more important in direct supervision jails, where relationships are more complex

Back 130

training and supervision

Front 131

between 1991 and 2005 the national crime rate decreased 32% while the rate of incarceration increased 61%

Back 131

true

Front 132

which of the following statements about jail is false?

Back 132

the # of males sentenced to jail is growing much faster than the # of females sentenced to jail

Front 133

the majority of the country' s jail inmates are

Back 133

members of minority groups

Front 134

the use of prison chain gangs, the abolition of parole, and an emphasis on individual responsibility and punishment are aspects of the _____ model of imprisonment

Back 134

justice

Front 135

a small percentage of jail facilities, about 6%, house more than half of all jail inmates

Back 135

true

Front 136

which level of prison security often has chain-link fences topped with barbed wire?

Back 136

medium-security

Front 137

the number of inmates held in private prisons is slowly decreasing

Back 137

false

Front 138

what is the primary force holding inmates in minimum security prisons

Back 138

their own restraint

Front 139

how many security levels are there in the federal prison system

Back 139

5

Front 140

_____ is the most secure prison ever built by the federal government

Back 140

the ADMAX at Florence, Colorado

Front 141

female officers working in jails

Back 141

are disproportionately skewed towards jobs in the lower ranks

Front 142

jails have been called the _____ of the criminal justice system

Back 142

shame

Front 143

inmates in maximum-security prisons are generally housed in dormitory-like settings

Back 143

false

Front 144

which supreme court case held that overcrowding in prisons is not by itself cruel and unusual

Back 144

Rhodes v. Chapman

Front 145

All the states in America tend to use imprisonment at about the same rate

Back 145

false

Front 146

high-security facilities in the federal prison are called

Back 146

US Penitentiaries

Front 147

women account for about what % of the country's jail populations?

Back 147

13%

Front 148

what is the name of the jail strategy that joins "pod architecture" with a participative, proactive management philosophy?

Back 148

direct supervision

Front 149

most people sentenced to federal prison have been convicted of _____ crimes.

Back 149

drug

Front 150

the operational capacity of a prison is the number of inmates a prison was intended to hold when it was built?

Back 150

false

Front 151

all death row inmates are held in _____ prisons.

Back 151

maximum-security

Front 152

_____ capacity refers to the inmate population the institution was originally built to handle.

Back 152

design

Front 153

since 1980, the prison population has

Back 153

quadrupled

Front 154

inmates have a reasonable expectation of privacy in their cells under the 4th Amendment

Back 154

false

Front 155

in regard to religious freedom, prisoners must be given

Back 155

a "reasonable opportunity" to pursue their fath