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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
rock |
A natural, solid mixture of minerals or grains. |
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grain |
Fragments that make up a rock. |
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texture |
The grain size and the way grains fit together in a rock. |
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magma |
Molten or liquid rock underground. |
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lava |
Molten rock that erupts on Earth's surface. |
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sediment |
Rock material that forms where rocks are broken down into smaller pieces or dissolved in water as rocks erode. |
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rock cycle |
The series of processes that change one type of rock into another type. |
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extrusive rock |
A type of igneous rock that forms when volcanic material erupts, cools, and crystallizes on Earth's surface. |
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volcanic glass |
Rock that forms when lava cools too quickly to form crystals, like obsidian. |
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intrusive rock |
Igneous rocks that form as magma cools underground. |
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compaction |
A process in which the weight from the layers of sediment forces out fluids and decreases the space between grains. |
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cementation |
A process in which minerals dissolved in water crystallize between sediment grains and holds the grains together. |
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clastic rock |
Sedimentary rocks that are made up of broken pieces of minerals and rock fragments. |
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clasts |
Broken pieces of minerals and rock fragments. |
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chemical rock |
Rocks that form when minerals crystallize directly from water. |
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biochemical rock |
A sedimentary rock that was formed by organisms or contains the remains of organisms. |
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metamorphism |
Any process that affects the structure or composition of a rock in a solid state as a result of changes in temperature, pressure, or the addition of chemical fluids. |
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plastic deformation |
A permanent change in the shape of a rock caused by bending and folding of rocks that have experienced an increase in temperature and pressure. |
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foliated rock |
Rocks containing parallel layers of flat and elongated minerals. |
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nonfoliated rock |
Metamorphic rocks that have mineral grains with a random, interlocking texture. |
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contact metamorphism |
Metamorphic rock formed when magma comes in contact with the existing rock, and its thermal energy and gases interact with the surrounding rock. |
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regional metamorphism |
The formation of metamorphic rock bodies that are hundreds of square kilometers in size. |