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210 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
If you wanted a career in which you focus on detecting, assessing, and treating abnormal patters on functioning, you should look into becoming a clinical:
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A. Practitioner
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Which aspect of the definition of abnormality includes the inability to care for oneself and work productively?
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C. Dysfunction |
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Defining abnormal behavior using "the four Ds":
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D. Is Still often vague and subjective
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Hippocrates believed that treatment for mental disorders should involve: |
B. Brining the four body humors back into balance |
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What model of mental illness did most people hold during the middle Ages? |
D. The demonology model
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The "moral treatment" movement rapidly declined in the late nineteenth century because: |
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For those who hold the somatogenic view of mental illness, the best treatment setting for those with mental disorders would be a: |
D. Hospital |
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Jena is experiencing sadness, lack of energy and a low self-worth. The condition is chronic and sever. If her psychiatrist prescribed medication it would likely be a(n):
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D. Antidepressant Drug
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One cause of the increase in homeless individuals in recent decades had been the:
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A. Policy of deinstitutionalization |
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If you are a typical person undergoing therapy in the United States, your therapy will last for
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One major difference between psychiatrists and clinical psychologists is that psychiatrists:
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A. Have graduated from medical school |
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In contract to clinical practitioners, who search for individualist understanding of human behavior, clinical researchers search for general truths about abnormality. The approach of clinical researchers is:
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D. Nomothetic
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A psychologist does a study for an individual involving a history, tests, and interviews of friends and family. A clear picture is constructed to this individual, so his behavior is better understood. This study is a(n): |
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Which of the following correlation coefficients represents the weakest relationship?
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B. -.06
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If stress levels and physical health are negatively correlated, we know that:
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B. As stress increases, health decreases
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Studies that determine the incidence and prevalence of a disorder in a particular population are called:
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D. Epidemiological Studies |
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The number of new cases of a disorder in the population that emerge during a particular time interval is called the:
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A. Incidence |
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A psychologist was interested in the effect of hunger on psychological disturbances. She food-deprived half of a group of healthy volunteers for one day and fed the other half normally, then administered a psychological test to all the participants. What was the independent variable? |
A. Level of food deprivation
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The group of participants that is NOT exposed to the independent variable under investigation (in an experiment) is called the:
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A. Control Group |
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In preparation for a study of the effectiveness of an antischizophrenia drug, an experimenter puts the experimental drug and placebo into capsules of the same color and codes them. Neither the subjects nor the experimenter will know who gets the experimental drug or the placebo. this is an example of a: |
B. Double Blind design |
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What is the term for studies that have the structure of experiments, except they use groups that already exist, instead of randomly assigning participants to control and experimental groups?
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A. Quasi-experiments |
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In science, the perspectives use to explain phenomena are known as
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B. Theories |
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The paradigm model adopted by people in the Middle ages to explain abnormal behavior would have been: |
D. Demonological |
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Biological researchers focus primarily on ________ in understanding abnormal behavior.
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A. Neurotransmitters |
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If you were receiving medication to control hallucination and delusions, you would be MOST likely to be receiving:
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B. Antipsychotics |
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Neurosurgery is believed to have its roots in: |
C. Trephining form the demonological era
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Barney's mother is taking cookies out of the oven. Which of the following would suggest MOST strongly that the id is firmly in control of Barneys behavior?
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A. Barney grabs some cookies and runs
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A patients initial reaction to being told she has an STI is to insist that the nurse made a mistake with the test. The defense mechanism that BEST explains this behavior is: |
C. Denial |
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Which on of the following statements would a Freudian be MOST likely to agree with? |
A. Parents are the key figures during childhood and are seen as the cause of improper development |
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According to Freud, another term for the symbolic meaning of dreams is: |
D. Latent Content |
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When a young child yells and throws toys ("temper tantrum"), the parents give the child a good deal of attention. As time goes on the temper tantrums become more and more common. A behavior psychologist would say that the temper tantrum result from:
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B. Operant Conditioning.
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"When I was young, I met a large dog. I want afraid of the dog, but as I tried to pet I, the dog snarled and jumped at me. I have been afraid of dogs ever since." A therapist who assumes that this sentence describes a phobia acquires from classical conditioning MOST likely favors which model of abnormality?
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B. Behavioral
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Systematic desensitization has been shown to be especially effective in the treatment of:
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C. Phobias |
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If you are being encourage to see the link between the way you interpret your experiences and the way you feel, and to question the accuracy of your interpretation you are probably receiving: |
C. Cognitive therapy
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When Jose did not get the job he thought he deserved, he was convinced that everything was going wrong and he would never find another job. This thought is an example of:
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C. Overgeneralization
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The model that proposes that humans strive to self-actualize is the:
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C. Humanistic-existential model |
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A therapist listens carefully to a client's words, then attempts to show accurate empathy and genuineness. The hope is that the client will move toward greater self-awareness. MOST likely, the therapist is:
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D. Humanistic |
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The model with its roots in the philosophical idea that people are dynamic beings, giving meaning to their existence through their actions, is the: |
B. Existential model |
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Correlational research on the relationship between religious beliefs and psychological health shows that people: |
B. Who are devout and see God as caring and helpful are the psychologically healthiest
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The model of abnormality that pays particular attention to a client's family structure, societal norms, and a clients roles in society is:
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C. Sociocultural |
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David Rosenhan sent "pseudo patients" to a mental hospital where they pretended to be disturbed. The results led him to conclude that ______ greatly impacts mental illness.
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C. Social Labeling |
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Multicultural theorists would explain the higher levels of mental illness among poor people as MOST likely due to:
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B. Social factors leading to stress |
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A panel of psychologist and psychiatrists evaluates the test results and clinical interview of a client in a sanity hearing. They all arrive at the same diagnosis. The panel has high: |
C. Interrater reliability |
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A new assessment tool does a good job of differentiating those who later will be depressed and those who will not be depressed, and it produces results similar to those of those of other tools measuring depression. Therefore, the new assessment tool has good:
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A. predictive validity |
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If a clinician begins by asking, "Would you tell me about yourself?," the clinical is MOST likely conducting a(n):
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D. Unstructured interview |
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If a clinician is particularly interested in a clients family medical history, that clinician is MOST likely from which orientation?
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B. Biological |
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The assumption behind the use of projective tests as assessment tools is that:
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B. the responses come from the clients unconscious |
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A patient looks at a series of black and white pictures making up a dramatic story about each. The patient is taking: |
B. The thematic Apperception Test |
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The test that reports ones results on clinical scales such as "hypochondriasis" (HS) and Psychopathic Deviate" (PD) is the:
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D. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory |
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Compared to projective tests, personality inventories:
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A. Have higher validity
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A response inventory that asks individuals to provide detailed information about their typical thoughts and assumptions is a(n):
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B. Cognitive Inventory |
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A client is hooked up to an apparatus that measure galvanic skin response and blood pressure, after which the client verbally answers a series of questions. The type of clinical test being used is:
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B. Psychophysiological |
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If your friend had her brain waves recorded to measure her brains electrical activity, she MOST likely had a(n):
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D. EEG |
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When a person has organic brain impairment, that person would MOST likely have difficulty completing: |
C. The bender-Gestalt test
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Deciding that a client's psychological problems represent a particular disorder is called: |
C. Diagnosis |
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A cluster of symptoms that go together and define a mental disorder is called a:
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A. Syndrome
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The diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (presently dms-5) was developed by: |
B. The American Psychiatric Association |
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DSM-5 is the classification system for abnormal behaviors that is.
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B. Most widely used in the united states |
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Assessment tools such as the Severity of Illness Rating Scale are used to provide what kind of information for making a diagnosis? |
B. Dimensional |
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Therapies that have received clear research support are called: |
C. Evidence-based |
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Recently, a client diagnosed with schizophrenia has begun to exhibit more symptoms, often saying, "They tell me I'm crazy, so I must be crazy." MOST likely this is an example of: |
A. Self-fulfilling prophecies |
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Are people ever harmed by therapy for DMS-diagnosed disorder? |
C. Sometimes, at most, about 5-10 percent of those treated seem to get worse
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Surveys of very successful therapists show that they generally do all of the following EXCEPT: |
A. Disregard ethical principles when they think their clients might benefit
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The most common mental disorders in the United States are the:
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B. Anxiety disorders
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People with one anxiety disorder are most likely to: |
A. Experience another anxiety disorder too |
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Leila always feels threatened and anxious-- imagining something awful is about to happen. But she is able to work and care for her family, although not as well as she would like. Leila is probably experiencing: |
A. A generalized anxiety disorder |
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A person who is restless, keyed-up, and on edge for no apparent reason is experiencing:
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A. Free-floating anxiety |
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According to Freud, children who are prevented from expressing id impulses like making mud pies, playing war, and exploring their genitals are at risk for developing:
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B. Neurotic anxiety |
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If you criticized everything you did, looking for flaws, and never could measure up to your personal standards, you would be exhibiting what Carl Rodger called: |
C. Conditions of worth |
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If I believe that it is a dire necessity for me to be loved or approved by everyone and that it is catastrophic if things are not the way I want them, I am displaying: |
B. Basic irrational assumptions |
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If your therapist gave you homework that required you to challenge your maladaptive assumptions and replace them with healthier ones, the therapist would be using:
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C. Rational-emotive therapy |
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Evidence in support of the biological understanding of generalized anxiety is supported by finding that:
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A. relatives of people with generalized anxiety are more likely to have it than nonrelatives. |
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Benzodiazepines are believed to be effective in treating generalized anxiety disorder because they mimic the effect of ______ at certain receptor sites in the brain.
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A. GABA
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Which of the following is a nondrug biological treatment for anxiety that is in general use today?
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B. Relaxation therapy |
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An intense, persistent, and irrational fear that is accompanied by a compelling desire to avoid the object of the fear, to the point of interfering with the life of the person is called: |
B. Phobic disorder |
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A woman you know constantly avoid crowded streets and building, and is very reluctant to leave home, even with a friend. Recently, she has experienced extreme, sudden fear every time she enters a crowded street or building. MOST likely this women would be diagnosed with:
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C Agoraphobia and panic disorder |
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Little Karen was bitten by a tan pony she was riding at a carnival. The incident left her hurt and frightened. The next month she was visiting her uncle, who had a tan Great Dane. It frightened her even though she had never had a bad experience with a Dog. Fear of this dog is an example of:
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C. Stimulus Generalization |
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You are suffering from arachnophobia,. Your therapist first has you go through relaxation training, then has you construct a fear hierarch, and finally, has you go through a phase of graded pairing and relaxation responses. This approach is called:
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D. Systematic desensitization. |
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Steve is afraid of eating in public, expecting to be judge negatively and to feel humiliated. As a result, he always makes up excuses when asked out to eat. His diagnosis would MOST likely be:
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You notice someone who is sweating, experiencing shortness of breath, choking, feeling dizzy, and is afraid of dying. If what is happening is not a heart attack but an indicator of an anxiety disorder, the person MOST likely is experience a:
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A. Panic attack
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The cognitive explanation for panic disorder is that people who have them:
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C. Misinterpret bodily sensations |
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People who experience obsessions show: |
B. Thoughts that are intrusive and foreign to them |
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Sam cant leave for work without going back into his hour and making sure that he has taken all of his writing materials. He does this several times before he allows himself to start the car and drive to work. He is frequently late for work because he is so unsure about remembering everything. Sam is displaying: |
C. A checking compulsion
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Your abnormal psychology instructor asks in class, "what kinds of treatments are commonly use to treat obsessive compulsive related disorders?" Confidently and accurately, you reply: |
B. Exposure therapies and antidepressant drugs |
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In the face of fear, someone is unable to concentrate and develops a distorted and irrational view of the world. this person is showing which of the following fear responses:
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C. Cognitive |
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What do acute and posttraumatic stress disorder have in common with dissociate disorders?
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C. They are triggered by traumatic events |
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In response to a threat, we perspire, breathe more quickly, get goose bumps, and feel nauseated. These responses are controlled by the:
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C. Sympathetic Nervous System |
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Which of the following accurately describes the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal pathway of the stress response:
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A. The hypothalamus stimulates the pituitary to produce a stress hormone that causes the adrenal glad to release corticosteroids. |
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I am generally a calm, relaxed person, If you are generally a tense, excitable person we differ in: |
A. Trait Anxiety |
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A person who witnessed a horrible accident and the became unusually anxious and depressed for 3 weeks is probably experiencing:
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D. Acute stress disorder |
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One distinction that DSM-5 makes between acute stress disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder is based on: |
C. how long the anxiety symptoms last |
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A patter of anxiety, insomnia, depression, and flashbacks that persists for years after a horrible event is called:
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D. Posttraumatic stress disorder |
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Which of the following is the BEST example of "reduced responsiveness", as it relates to posttraumatic stress disorder? |
A. feeling detached or estranged from others and loss of interest in activities |
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A person with posttraumatic stress disorder who is having "flashbacks" is :
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A. Re-experiencing the traumatic event |
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Current research suggests that those who experience severe stress:
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A. Have Abnormal levels of norepinephrine and cortisol following the trauma |
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What do we know about the inheritance of PTSD?
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The people MOST likely to develop stress disorder lived their childhood in:
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D. Poverty, and had parents who divorced when they were younger than 10 years old |
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A combat veteran undergoing "eye movement desensitization and reprocessing" is experiencing which general for of therapy? |
A. Exposure therapy |
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Which diagnosis includes a breakdown in sense of self, a significant alteration in memory or identity, and even a separation of on part of the identify from another part?
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C. Dissociative disorder |
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After a major earthquake, television coverage showed survivors shuffling confusedly through the ruined building. If such victims later could not remember the days immediately after the earthquake, the victims would be suffering from what type of amnesia?
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D. Localized |
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Alexis has multiple personality disorder. When one of her personalities, Jodi, is asked about another one, Tom she claims ignorance. Tom has never heard of Jodi either. This would be called a:
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D. Mutually amnesic relationship |
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An individual who formerly knew how to speak a foreign language and play a musical instrument, can no longer remember how to as a result of a dissociated disorder. The dissociative disorder is MOST likely: |
C. Dissociative Identity
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Research on evoked potential with people with dissociative identity disorder has revealed that:
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A. Different sub personalities have shown different brain response patterns |
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If a researcher believes that dissociative identity disorder are iatrogenic, that researcher believes that dissociative identity disorders:
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C. Are unintentionally produced by therapists |
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Psychodynamic theorists believe that dissociative amnesias and fugues result from:
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C. Repression |
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A person who stopped eating candy and other sweets, then gradually eliminated other foods until the persona was eating almost nothing could be experiencing:
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C. Restricted-type anorexia nervosa |
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The peak age range for the development of anorexia nervosa is:
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C. 14-18 |
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If a person says "I must be perfect in every way. I will be a better person if I deprive myself of food," that person is engaging in: |
A. Distorted thinking
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The primary motivating emotion a persona with anorexia experiences is:
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A. Fear |
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The preoccupation with food characteristic of anorexia nervosa is thought to: |
A. result from starvation |
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If you were looking at a photography of yourself and adjusting the size until you thought the picture looked like you, you would most likely be participating in an assessment of your: |
A. accuracy in estimating body size |
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A patient in therapy who eats exactly eight pieces of break that he or she carefully made into balls of equal diameter is displaying a symptom of anorexia nervosa related to: |
C. Obsessive-compulsive disorder |
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Consequences of anorexia nervosa include all of the following EXCEPT: |
C. Fever and high blood pressure |
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Bulimia is always characterized by: |
A. Uncontrollable overeating |
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All of the following are compensatory behaviors for someone with bulimia EXCPET:
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B. Preoccupation with food
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A women eats cookies, cake, ice cream, and almost anything else that is sweet. At some point during her binge, she takes a huge does of a laxative, so she with 'empty out" the food. Her taking the laxative, and the assumption underlying why she does it would be lead to a diagnosis of: |
B. purging-type bulimia nervosa |
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Regarding emotions, the pattern common in bulimia from pre-binge, through, binge, to post binge is Best described in sequence as:
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C. Tension, Powerlessness, shame
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Similarities between bulimia and anorexia include:
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A. Both tend to begin after a period of dieting among people afraid of becoming obese |
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A young woman who is very concerned about being attractive to others, is more sexually experienced, and has relatively few obsessive qualities is:
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B. More likely to be experiencing bulimia than anorexia |
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People who are often overweight and regularly binge eat without compensatory behaviors are experiencing: |
C. Binge eating disorder |
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If a therapist thought that eating disorders were BEST explained by an interaction of sociocultural, psychological, and biological factors, that therapist would be taking a(n): |
B. Multidimensional perspective |
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According to Hidle Bruch, which of the following would characterize ineffective parents who children are prone to eating disorders:
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C. They decide when the child is hungry and misinterpret the actual condition of their children |
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People with alexithymia are NOT readily able to:
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C. Put descriptive labels on what they are feeling |
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"Depression and eating disorders are correlated." What does this statement mean? |
D. People with eating disorders also ten to be depressed |
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If one found that the average weight and size of cheerleaders had declined significantly over the years, and that those who aspired to be cheerleaders had a high level of eating disorders, that would be evidence for_______ cause of eating disorders:
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A. Societal |
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Family members are over involved in each other's lives but are affectionate and loyal. This description fits Salvador Minuchin's definition of an: |
C. Enmeshed family pattern |
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A state of breathless euphoria, or frenzied energy, in which individuals have an exaggerated belief in their power describes:
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A. Mania |
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An important difference between mood disorders and normal mood fluctuation is: |
C. the severity and duration of the problem |
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Which of the following would be an emotional symptom of depression? |
C. Experiences of sadness and anger |
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A depressed person who is confused, unable to remember things, and unable to solve problems is suffering from ______ symptoms.
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B. Cognitive |
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To be classified as having a major depressive episode, depression must last for a period of at least:
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A: Two weeks |
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Jamal is experiencing a major depressive episode that appears to have begun three weeks ago. He is miserable and suffers from at leave five symptoms of depression. No unusually stressful events have occurred in the past year. Based on these data, the diagnosis would be. |
D. Endogenous depression |
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Family pedigree and twin studies have been used to look for a predisposition for unipolar depression within families. Which theoretical framework encompasses these studies? |
B. Biological |
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If a biochemical imbalance were to cause a persons depression, the latest research would lead us to expect the person to have:
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A. An abnormality in the activity of certain neurotransmitters, especially serotonin and norepinephrine |
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Seasonal affective disorder is associated with few hours per day of daylight during the winter months. Less daylight or, more accurately, more darkness, may cause the release of:
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B. Melatonin |
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One side effects of ECT is: |
C. Memory loss |
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MAO inhibitors are biochemical agents that alleviate depressive symptoms in approximately half of the clinically depressed patients who take them. What is the mechanism of action of these drugs? |
C. They interfere with the destruction of norepinephrine |
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If a therapist asked you to say whatever came to mind and then suggested interpretations designed to help you work through grief over real or imagined losses, your therapist would be using:
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A. psychodynamic therapy |
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If your therapist tried to reintroduce you to pleasurable activities, reinforced nondepressive action, and improved your social skills, your therapist would be using:
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B. behavior therapy |
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Many victims of spousal abuse stay with their abusers, even though it is obvious to others that they should, and actually could, leave. A good explanation for their behavior is:
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B. learned helplessness |
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A therapist describes a patient who believes her personal worth is tied to each task she performs. She draws negative conclusions fro very little evidence, amplifies minor mistakes into major character flaws, and suffers from repetitive thoughts that remind her of her flaws. You conclude that the therapist holds which theoretical orientation.
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A. Cognitive |
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People who talk rapidly, dress flamboyantly, and get involved in dangerous activities are showing ______ symptoms of mania.
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A. behavioral |
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The most common cognitive description of someone exhibiting mania is that the person is:
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A. Excessively optimistic, with poor judgement |
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The difference between bipolar I and bipolar II is: |
B. The severity of the manic episodes |
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The strongest evidence for the cause of bipolar disorders BEST, supports which theoretical perspective
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B. Biological |
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Rosita swings between periods of bottomless depressions an high-flying enthusiasm. She never hits the middle. Her physician is MOST likely to recommend treatment using:
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B. Lithium |
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The BEST treatment recommendation you can give someone experiencing bipolar disorder is: |
C. Drug therapy, accompanied with psychotherapy |
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Just before debuting at Carnegie Hall, the pianist suffered paralysis of the left hand. Which of the following BEST describes her disorder. |
A. Conversion Disorder |
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A man appeared at the emergency room complaining of bloody diarrhea. The doctor who examined him found that the man was intentionally creating the diarrhea through use of laxatives and anticoagulant medication, and liked being a patient. The man is MOST likely: |
D. Experiencing a factitious disorder |
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Sarah brings her young daughter into the emergency room with internal bleeding. The attending physical later concludes that Sarah caused the symptoms in her daughter intentionally, caused by a need to gain attention and praise her for devoted care of her sick child. if this assessment is correct, Sarah would be diagnosed as having:
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D. Munchausen syndrome by proxy |
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A patient with a heart condition complained of adhesions form the scar, leg cramps, and joint stiffness. He seemed to be hurting all over, but no medical reason could be found to explain the symptoms. The BEST diagnosis for this disorder is:
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C. Somatic symptom disorder (predominant pain pattern)
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Disorder that represent the conversion of conflicts and anxiety into physical symptoms would include:
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D. Conversion Disorders |
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A woman who is particularly threatened by any display of anger becomes unable to speak when she is most angry with her husband, thereby keeping the anger out of her awareness. According to psychodynamic theorists, she is achieving ________ from her illness.
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A. Primary gain |
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Every time Miguel had a headache, his mother let him miss school. Now as an adult his headaches have become more frequent. His head pounds any time he is required to do something he would rather not. This is a __________ explanation of conversion symptoms. |
C. Behavioral |
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That people with somatic symptom disorders use their symptoms to express emotions that they cannot easily express otherwise reflects the: |
A. Cognitive view |
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Behavioral therapists treating a conversion disorder would be MOST likely to focus on: |
C. Reducing the reward available for displaying the disorder |
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"Medical students disease," which is the tendency for medical students to experience the symptoms of diseases they are studying, is MOST similar to:
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A. illness anxiety disorder |
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Increasingly concerned about my minor heartbeat irregularities, I think that my heath is being threatened, and more and more often I misinterpret my body's normal signals. Which viewpoint BEST explains my experiences?
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C. Cognitive |
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An example of evidence for psychophysiological disorders is that:
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A. Ulcers, asthma, insomnia, and chronic headaches probably have physical and psychological causes |
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Which of the following BEST illustrates the interaction of psychosocial and physical factors in the development of a medical condition?
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C. Hypertension caused by obesity and constant stress |
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People who are consistently angry, impenitent, competitive driven, and ambitious are displaying a ______ and are at greater risk for heart disease.
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B. Type A personality |
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If someone were to correlate scores on the Social Readjustment Rating Scale, and look at a relationship between stress and illness, that person would most likely find:
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A. a significant positive correlation. |
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If you were working in the field of psychoneuroimmunology you would be studying:
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B. The links between stress and illness |
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The generic term for white blood cells that react to freeing invaders in the body is:
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B. Lymphocytes |
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Maureen is learning to warm her hands. She looks at a dial that reflects the output form a heat-sensitive device on her fingers and tries to make the dial go up. This is a form of:
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C. Biofeedback training
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A patient who treats sever pain by meditating, paying attention to her thoughts and sensation while remaining nonjudgmental is engaging in: |
D. Mindfulness medidation
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People who are coping with severe pain by telling themselves that they can get through it by focusing on pain ending, and remember that they have gotten through it before are MOST likely to have received which of the following therapies?
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B. Cognitive intervention |
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One of the MAIN findings from the research on the relationship between psychology and physical illness is:
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C. There is a strong relationship between psychology and physical illness |
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Psychosis means:
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B. Loss of contact with reality |
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Schizophrenia is found in all socioeconomic classes. However, it is MOST likely to be found in someone from a: |
A. lower socioeconomic level |
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Millie sees pretty colored butterflies on all walls. She also hears gentle music, that is actually not there. The presence of these behaviors illustrates _______ symptoms of schizophrenia. |
B. Positive |
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Antonio believes that the anchor on the evening television is speaking directly, and personally to him. He even goes to the television studio to talk to the anchor. Antonio is suffering from: |
C. Delusions of Reference |
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The MAIN difference between hallucinations and delusions is that: |
B. Hallucinations involve perception and delusions involve beliefs |
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"Insects make me itch. My brother collects them; he is 5 feet 10 inches tall. That's my favorite number. I dance and draw." Such speech illustrates which of the following symptoms of schizophrenia? |
A. Loose associations |
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If you could "get inside the head" of a person experiencing auditory hallucinations, you would MOST likely find that:
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A. the person actually produces nerve signals of sound in his brain |
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A person with schizophrenia who laughs when told sad news and screams in situations that most people see as warm and tender is experiencing: |
C. inappropriate affect |
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Noreen has been diagnosed with schizophrenia. She is totally unresponsive to her environment. She does not move for hour on end and never responds to contacts from others. This is an example of: |
A. catatonic stupor |
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A person with schizophrenia who is feeling apathetic, drained, and unable to start or follow through on any projects is displaying: |
C. Loss of volition |
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The stage of development of schizophrenia marked by deteriorating of functioning and the display of mild symptoms is called the: |
C. prodromal phase |
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A person with schizophrenia demonstrates poverty of speech and experiences auditory hallucinations. According to "Type I-Type II" evaluation categorization, this person would be:
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C. A mix of Type I and Type II |
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According the diathesis stress model of schizophrenia:
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A. People with a biological predisposition for schizophrenia will develop it if certain psychosocial stressors are also present
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Which of the following statements about genetic factors in schizophrenia is accurate?
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A. Close relatives of those with schizophrenia are more likely to be diagnosed with schizophrenia that distant relative of those with schizophrenia |
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The link between dopamine and schizophrenia is supported by the finding that:
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A. lower dopamine activity helps remove schizophrenic symptoms |
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Occasionally, you see or hear things. Your friends tell you its your imagination, but eventually you come to think your friends are hiding something and you develop delusions of persecution to explain their behavior. This thinking leads you down the "rational path to madness." This scenario is consistent with the: |
A. cognitive view |
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Compared to those diagnosed with schizophrenia who live in developing countries, those diagnosed with schizophrenia who live in developed countries are:
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A. less likely to recover fully, and more likely to be hospitalized |
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David Rosenhan (1973) sent eight normal people to various psychiatric hospitals. All eight complained of hearing voices that said "empty," "hollow," and "thud". After being admitted to on of the hospitals, each personal acted normally, yet all were diagnosed as schizophrenic. One of the conclusions from this study is that:
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B. The expectations produced by labeling can alter perception |
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Families that display high levels of expressed emotion do all of the following EXCEPT: |
D. Approve of another's actions. |
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Theorists propose that institutionalized patients deteriorate because they are deprived of opportunities to develop self-respect and independence. The therapy that counters this effect by creating an environment that encourages self-respect and responsibility is known as:
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C. Milieu Therapy |
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If one could only use a single treatment for schizophrenia and wanted the MOST effective treatment, once should choose: |
A. Antipsychotic drugs |
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The MOST important similarity among the personality disorders listed in the text is that:
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C. They are inflexible, maladaptive, and related to impaired functioning or distress. |
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Comorbidity means that:
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C. two disorders may occur together in an individual |
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If you believe that personality disorders are best understood as a matter of degree in difference from typical personality rather than as a specific diagnosis, you agree with: |
A. the dimensional approach |
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The category of "odd" personality disorders includes the traits of:
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D. extreme suspiciousness, social withdrawal, and cognitive and perceptual peculiarities |
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Reese is distrustful of others and reacts quickly to perceived threats. Even though he has no evidence, he is sure his wife is unfaithful. He finds it almost impossible to forgive those he thinks have wronged him. Reese displays the characteristics of:
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B. Paranoid personality disorder
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Wes has always been a loner. He has never much cared for being with other people and does not form relationships easily. He appears to be without emotion. Wes may be exhibiting:
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A. Schizoid personality disorder |
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An individual diagnosed with schizoid personality disorder reports having a great deal of difficulty figuring out how others feel, and as a child had difficulty developing adequate language skills. These finding would make the MOST sense to a theorist with which background? |
C. Cognitive |
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The disorder that appears to be MOST closely related to schizotypal personality disorder is: |
B. Schizophrenia |
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An adult has been jailed for the third time for fraud; each time it has been for persuading investors to put money into a phony silver mine. If the adult has received a DSM-5 diagnosis, the MOST likely diagnosis is: |
D. Antisocial personality disorder
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The absence of parental love results in emotional detachment and the use of power to form relationships. This is MOST like a ________ explanation of the development of antisocial personality disorder. |
D. Psychodynamic |
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Giving in to a child's refusal to comply with a parental request may inadvertently reinforce stubborn and defiant behavior, setting the scene for development of antisocial personality disorder. This is MOST like a _______ explanation for the development of an antisocial personality disorder.q
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C. Behavioral |
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An individual with a diagnosed personality disorder is emotionally unstable, impulsive, and reckless. This persons diagnosis is likely to be which of the following personality disorders? |
A. Borderline |
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Dr. Marsha Linehan, developer of dialectical behavior therapy, would have diagnosed her young adult self with:
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B. Borderline personality disorder |
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Which of the following is NOT an important part of dialectical behavior therapy? |
C. Antipsychotic drugs |
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When the seat belt light in DIDI's car stays on for a few extra seconds, she busts into tears. She always craves attention and reacts to even the smallest event with an elaborate show of emotion. She probably could receive a diagnosis of: |
C. Histrionic personality disorder |
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" I am the greatest!" a famous boxer declared loudly and often. He had in fact acted throughout his adult life as though he were the greatest, the most appropriate diagnosis would be:
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B. narcissistic personality disorder |
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Elena can't seem to establish social ties because she is afraid of being embarrassed or appearing foolish. She is easily hurt by criticism and is not willing to go into unfamiliar situations. She may be experiencing:
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B. Avoidant personality disorder |
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A person who has excessive need to be taken care of and is clingy is MOST likely to qualify for a diagnosis of:
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C. Dependent personality disorder |
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A child who is severely criticized for acting independently, and who is praised for doing exactly what parents say to do, later develops dependent personality disorder. The therapist who would be LEAST surprised by this outcome would have which theoretic orientation?
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B. Behavioral |
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The TV show Monk features a detective who is very seldom happy, has few good friends, insists on a very ridid order and way in which he must do things, and frequently had difficultly making up his mind about what to do. If he were diagnosed with a personality disorder, it would MOST likely be:
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B. Obsessive compulsive |
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"It is obvious that this case of obsessive-compulsive disorder arises from an early childhood fixation." Which type of psychologist would MOST likely have made that statement?
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D. Psychodynamic |