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44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
fear
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the central nervous system's physiological and emotional response to a serious threat to one's well-being
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anxiety
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the central nervous system's physiological and emotional response to a vague sense of threat or danger
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generalized anxiety disorder
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a disorder marked by persistent and excessive feelings of anxiety and worry about numerous events and activities
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client-centered therapy
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the humanistic therapy developed by Carl Rogers in which clinicians try to help clients by being accepting, empathizing accurately, and conveying genuineness
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basic irrational assumption
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the inaccurate and inappropriate beliefs held by people with various psychological problems, according to Albert Ellis
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rational-emotive therapy
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a cognitive therapy developed by Albert Ellis that helps clients identify and change the irrational assumptions and thinking that help cause their psychological disorder
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family pedigree study
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a research design in which investigators determine how many and which relatives of a person with a disorder have the same disorder
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benzodiazepines
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the most common group of antianxiety drugs, which includes Valium and Xanax
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GABA
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the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid whose low activity has been linked to generalized anxiety disorder
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sedative-hypnotic drugs
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drugs that calm people at lower doses and help them to fall asleep at higher doses
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relaxation training
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a treatment procedure that teaches clients to relax at will so they can calm themselves in stressful situations
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biofeedback
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a technique in which a client is given information about physiological reactions as they occur and learns to control the reactions voluntarily
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electromyograph (EMG)
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a device that provides feedback about the level of muscular tension in the body
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phobia
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a persistent and unreasonable fear of a particular object, activity, or situation
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specific phobia
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a severe and persistent fear of a specific object or situation (other than agoraphobia and social phobia)
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classical conditioning
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a process of learning in which two events that repeatedly occur close together in time become tied together in a person's mind and so produce the same respons
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modeling
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a process of learning in which a person observes and then imitates others; also, a therapy approach based on the same principle
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stimulus generalization
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a phenomenon in which responses to one stimulus are also produced by similar stimuli
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preparedness
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a predisposition to develop certain fears
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exposure treatments
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behavioral treatments in which persons are exposed to the objects or situations they dread
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systematic desensitization
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a behavioral treatment that uses relaxation training and a fear hierarchy to help clients with phobias react calmly to the objects or situations they dread
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flooding
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a treatment for phobias in which clients are exposed repeatedly and intensively to a feared object and made to see that it is actually harmless
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social phobia
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a severe and persistent fear of social or performance situations in which embarrassment may occur. Also known as social anxiety disorder
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social skills training
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a therapy approach that helps people learn or improve social skills and assertiveness through role playing and rehearsing of desirable behaviors
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panic attacks
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periodic, short bouts of panic that occur suddenly, reach a peak within minutes, and gradually pass
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panic disorder
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an anxiety disorder marked by recurrent and unpredictable panic attacks
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agoraphobia
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an anxiety disorder in which a person is afraid to be in places or situations from which escape might be difficult (or embarrassing) or help unavailable if panic-like symptoms were to occur
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norepinephrine
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a neurotransmitter whose abnormal activity is linked to panic disorder and depression
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locus ceruleus
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a small area of the brain that seems to be active in the regulation of emotions. Many of its neurons use norepinephrine.
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amygdala
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a small, almond-shaped structure in the brain that processes emotional information
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biological challenge test
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a procedure used to produce panic in participants or clients by having them exercise vigorously or perform some other potentially panic-inducing task in the presence of a researcher or therapist
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anxiety sensitivity
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a tendency to focus on one's bodily sensations, assess them illogically, and interpret them as harmful
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obsession
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a persistent thought, idea, impulse, or image that is experienced repeatedly, feels intrusive, and causes anxiety
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compulsion
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a repetitive and rigid behavior or mental act that a person feels driven to perform in order to prevent or reduce anxiety
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obsessive-compulsive disorder
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a disorder in which a person has recurrent and unwanted thoughts, a need to perform repetitive and rigid actions, or both.
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isolation
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an ego defense mechanism in which people unconsciously isolate and disown undesirable and unwanted thoughts, experiencing them as foreign intrustion
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undoing
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an ego defense mechanism whereby a person unconsciously cancels out an unacceptable desire or act by performing another act
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reaction formation
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an ego defense mechanism whereby a person suppresses an unacceptable desire by taking on a lifestyle that expresses the opposite desire
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exposure and response prevention
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a behavioral treatment for OCD that exposes a client to anxiety-arousing thoughts or situations and then prevents the client from performing his or her compulsive acts. Also called exposure and ritual prevention
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neutralizing
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a person's attempt to eliminate unwanted thoughts by thinking or behaving in ways that put matters right internally, making up for the unacceptable thoughts
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serotonin
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a neurotransmitter whose abnormal activity is linked to depression, OCD, and eating disorders
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orbitofrontal cortex
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a region of the brain in which impulses involving excretion, sexuality, violence, and other primitive activities normally arise
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caudate nuclei
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structures in the brain, within the region known as the basal ganglia, that help convert sensory information into thoughts and actions
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stress management program
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an approach to treating generalized and other anxiety disorders that teaches clients techniques for reducing and controlling stress
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