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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Where is the bare area of the liver located?
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Posterior aspect of right lobe
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The adult liver weighs?
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1200-1600 grams
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Using the mid-clavicular measurement the normal liver should not exceed?
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16cm
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What is Glisson's capsule?
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Layer of connective tissue surrounding the liver
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Hepatic veins are (interlobar or intersegmental)?
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Intersegmental
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Sagitally, the right hepatic artery lies where in relation to the common bile duct and main portal vein?
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Circular structure between the CBD and MPV
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An ALT-SGPT increase can indicate?
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Hepatocellular Dz., Biliary obstruction
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An AST-SGOT increase can indicate?
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Hepatocellular Dz, muscular or skeletal damage
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Direct Bilirubin increase can indicate?
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Hepatocellular Dz., biliary tract obstruction
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Indirect Bilirubin increase can indicate?
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Hepatocellular Dz, or disorders causing increased in red blood cell hemolysis
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What is the most specific indicator for biliary obstruction?
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ALP (alkaline phosphatase)
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An increase in AFP is present in 50% of patients with?
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Hepatomas or hepatoblastomas
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What is diffuse hepatocellular disease?
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Disease which affects the hepatocytes of the liver and interferes with liver function
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What are some types of Diffuse Liver Dz.?
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Fatty Liver, Hepatitis, Glycogen's Storage Dz, Cirrhosis
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Describe Fatty Liver Infiltration
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Required, reversible dz. which results in excess accumulation of triglycerides in the liver cells
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Focal fatty sparring is commonly seen where anatomically?
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Anterior to the gallbladder
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Describe Glycogen Storage Dz.
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Autosomal recessive disorder causing excess glycogen accumulation
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Glycogen storage dz is commonly associated with what liver mass?
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Adenomas
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Describe Hepatitis
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Inflammation of the liver due to alcohol abuse, medication or viral infection
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How is Hepatitis A spread?
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Oral-fecal route
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How does Hep B & C spread?
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Via blood pathways or exposure to body fluids containing blood
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Describe the AST-SGOT and ALT-SGPT lab values with Hepatitis
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Marked increase in values which fall rapidly over several days
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The "starry sky" appearance is commonly seen with acute or chronic hepatitis? WHy?
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Acute. Due to the fact that the liver echogenicity decreases so the portal triads stand out more
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Describe the sonographic findings of chronic hepatitis
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Increased liver echogenicity, coarse texture, decreased echogenicity of portal triads, portal HTN
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Describe liver Cirrhosis
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Fibrosis, scarring and parenchymal necrosis of liver tissue with disorganized nodular regeneration
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Which liver lobe enlarges with Cirrhosis?
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Caudate
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What are some predisposing factors for hepatocellular carcinoma?
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Liver Cirrhosis and Hepatitis B
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What is the most common cause of portal HTN?
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Cirrhosis
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What is Budd Chiari Syndrome
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Thrombotic dz of the IVC and hepatic veins
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The main portal vein should not exceed __ in diameter?
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13mm
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What does TIPS stand for?
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Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt
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What is the the function of TIPS?
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Allows blood to flow from portal system directly into the hepatic vein
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What is cavernous transformation?
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Multiple small vessels at the porta hepatis as a result of recannalization of the thrombosed portal vein
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What makes a true liver cyst?
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True liver cysts are congenital and contain an epithelial lining
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What is a pyogenic abscess?
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Localized collection of pus and/or debri due to bacterial infection
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What is the most common bacteria that causes a pyogenic abscess?
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E. coli
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What are some lab values that would indicate a pyogenic abscess?
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Elevated WBC count, elevated LFT, Anemia
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What is an Amebic abscess?
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Liver infection most commonly caused by the parasite Entamoeba hystolytic
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Candidaisis is a fungal/yeast infection commonly seen in ___ patients?
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Immunocompromised patients
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How does candidiasis appear on ultrasound?
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"Wheel within a Wheel" or target sign
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