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63 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Antecedent |
Environmental conditions or stimulus changes that exist or occur prior to the behavior of interest |
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Automatic Reinforcement |
Hypothesis that a behavior produces its own reinforcement |
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Automaticity of Reinforcement |
Behavior is modified by its consequences regardless of whether the individual is aware that their behavior is, or has been, reinforced |
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Aversive Stimulus |
Stimulus conditions whose termination functioned as reinforcement |
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Behavior |
The activity of living organisms. It is what a living organism says or does. |
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Behavior Change Tactic |
Researched based, technologically consistent method for changing behavior that has been derived from one or more basic principles of behavior and that possesses sufficient generality across subjects, settings, and/or behaviors to warrant its codification and dissemination |
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Conditioned Punisher |
Stimulus events or conditions that are present or that occur just before, or simultaneously with, the occurrence of other punishers may acquire the ability to punish behavior when they later occur on their own as consequences |
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Conditioned Reflex |
An automatic response established by pairing to a neutral stimulus |
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Conditioned Reinforcer |
Stimulus events or conditions that are present or that occur just before, or simultaneous with, the occurrence of other reinforcers may acquire the ability to reinforce behavior when they later occur on their own as consequences |
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Conditioned Stimulus |
A neutral stimulus that is repeatedly paired with an unconditioned stimulus until is acquires the ability to elicit a response that it previously did not |
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Consequence |
Stimulus change that follows a behavior of interest |
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Contingency |
Various types of temporal and functional relations between behavior and antecedent and consequent variables; the dependency of a particular consequence on the occurrence of a behavior |
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Contingency-Shaped Behavior |
Behavior acquired by direct experience with contingencies |
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Contingent |
The behavior must be emitted for the consequence to occur |
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Deprivation |
The lack or denial of something; this can be necessary for something to function as a reinforcer |
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Discriminated Operant |
A behavior that occurs more often under some antecedent conditions than it does in others |
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Discriminative Stimulus (SD) |
Any stimulus that predicts the availability of reinforcement if a response is emitted |
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Environment |
Full set of physical circumstances in which the organism exists |
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Extinction |
If reinforcement is withheld for all members of a previously reinforced response class, the behavior will gradually decrease in rate to its pre-reinforcement level or cease to occur altogether |
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Habituation |
If the eliciting stimulus is presented repeatedly over a short span of time, the strength or magnitude of the response will diminish, and in some cases the response may not occur at all; gradually diminishing response strength |
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Higher-Order Conditioning |
When conditioned reflexes can also be established by stimulus-stimulus pairing of an NS with a CS |
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History of Reinforcement |
The repertoire of behaviors each person brings to any situation has been selected, shaped, and maintained by their unique history of reinforcement |
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Joint Control |
Two separate, but interrelated forms of a person’s own verbal behavior combine to acquire stimulus control of a response that would not have occurred in the absence of either |
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Motivating Operation |
An environmental variable that alters the effectiveness of some stimulus and alters the current frequency of all behaviors that have been reinforced by that stimulus |
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Negative Punishment |
Indicates that the stimulus change that served as the punishing consequence was withdrawn |
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Negative Reinforcement |
When behaviors occur more often because past responses have resulted in the withdrawal or termination of a stimulus |
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Neutral Stimulus |
A stimulus that elicits no response before conditioning |
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Ontogeny |
Selection by consequences operates during the lifetime of the individual organism |
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Operant Behavior |
Any behavior determined primarily by its history of consequences |
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Operant Behavior |
Any behavior determined primarily by its history of consequences |
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Operant Conditioning |
Process and selective effects of consequences on behavior |
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Phylogeny |
A conceptual parallel to Darwin’s natural selection in the evolutionary history of a species |
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Positive Punishment |
The stimulus change that served as the punishing consequence was presented |
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Positive Reinforcement |
A response is followed immediately by the presentation of a stimulus that results in similar responses occurring more often |
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Principle of Behavior |
Describes a functional relation between behavior and one or more of its controlling variables that has thorough generality across individual organisms, species, settings, and behaviors |
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Punisher |
An immediate consequence of an operant behavior that causes that behavior to decrease in frequency |
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Punishment |
When a response is followed immediately by a stimulus change that results in similar responses occurring less often |
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Reflex |
A stimulus response relation; You are born able to respond in predictable ways to certain stimuli, no learning is required |
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Reinforcement |
When a response is followed by a stimulus change that results in similar responses occurring more often |
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Reinforcer |
The consequence that strengthens an operant behavior |
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Repertoire |
Sometimes used to refer to all of the behaviors a person can do. More often, the term denotes a person’s collection of knowledge and skills relevant to particular settings or tasks |
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Respondent Behavior |
Behavior that is elicited by antecedent stimuli |
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Respondent Conditioning |
Formerly neutral stimuli can acquire the ability to elicit respondents through this learning process |
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Respondent Extinction |
The procedure of repeatedly presenting a conditioned stimulus without the unconditioned stimulus until the conditioned stimulus no longer elicits the conditioned response |
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Response |
An action of an organisms effector (an organ at the end of an efferent nerve fiber) |
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Response Class |
A group of responses with the same function (that is, each response in the group produces the same effect on the environment) |
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Rule-Governed Behavior |
Behavior controlled by verbal statements |
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Selectionism |
Anchors a new paradigm in the life sciences; a basic tenet of this position is that all forms of life, form from single cells to complex cultures, evolve as a result of selection with respect to function |
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Socially-Mediated Contingency |
Another person presents an antecedent stimulus and/or the consequence for the behavior |
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Stimulus |
An energy change that affects an organism through its receptor cells |
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Stimulus |
An energy change that affects an organism through its receptor cells |
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Stimulus Class |
Any group of stimuli sharing a predetermined set of common elements in one or more of these dimensions |
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Stimulus |
An energy change that affects an organism through its receptor cells |
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Stimulus Class |
Any group of stimuli sharing a predetermined set of common elements in one or more of these dimensions |
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Stimulus Control |
When a discriminated operant occurs more often in the presence of a given stimulus than it does in the absence of that stimulus |
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Stimulus |
An energy change that affects an organism through its receptor cells |
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Stimulus Class |
Any group of stimuli sharing a predetermined set of common elements in one or more of these dimensions |
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Stimulus Control |
When a discriminated operant occurs more often in the presence of a given stimulus than it does in the absence of that stimulus |
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Stimulus-Stimulus Pairing |
A procedure in which two stimuli are presented at the same time, usually repeatedly for a number of trials, which often results in one stimulus acquiring the function of the other stimulus |
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Three-Term Contingency |
Antecedent, behavior, consequence (ABC’S) |
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Unconditioned Punisher |
Stimulus change that can decrease the future occurrence of any behavior that precedes it without prior pairing with any other form of punishment |
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Unconditioned Reinforcer |
A stimulus change that can increase future occurrences of behavior without prior pairing with any other form of reinforcement |
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Unconditioned Stimulus |
One that unconditionally, naturally, and automatically triggers a response |