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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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ATP (Adenosine triphosphate) |
A molecule that transfers energy from the breakdown of food molecule to cell processes |
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ADP ( adenosine diphosphate) |
Recharged through a process that adds a phosphate back to the molecule, so ATP can be reused over and over again |
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Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration |
A complementary relationship, the products of one are the reactants of the other so they are mirror images |
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Nondisjunction |
When chromosomes or sister chromatids fail to separate-diving anaphase |
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Trisomy 21 |
Nondisjunction of the 21st pair of chromosomes causes down’s syndrome |
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Klienfelter syndrome |
Trisomy in the sex chromosomes resulting in the XXY males will have feminine condition when a cell has either an extra chromosomes or is missing on |
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Recombinant |
The chromatid formed by crossing over a new “combination” of genetic material |
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Aneuploidy |
The condition where a cell has other an extra chromosome or is missing on |
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Prophase |
Chromosomes condense and become visible. Spindle fibers emerge from the centrosomes. Nuclear envelope breaks down. Centrosomes move toward opposite poles. |
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Prometaphase |
Chromosomes continue to condense |
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Metaphase |
Chromosomes line up at the metaphase plate. Each sister chromatid is attached to a spindle fiber |
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Anaphase |
Centrosomes spilt in two. Sister chromatids are pulled toward opposite poles. Certain spindle liners begin to elongate the cell. |
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Telophase |
Chromosomes arrive at opposite poles and begin to decondense |
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Genotype |
Refers to the genetic makeup of a specific set of genes |
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Phenotype |
The physical characters or traits of an individual |
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Purebred |
Another term for homozygous |
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Hybrid |
Another term for heterosexual |
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Testcross |
A cross between an organism with a unknown genotype and an organism with the recessive phenotype |
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Karyotype |
Is a picture of all of the chromosomes in a cell |
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Pedigree chart |
Can help trace the phenotypes and genotypes in a family to determine whether people carry a recessive allele |
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Dihybrid cross |
Cross that involves the alleles for two different traits at the same time |
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Gene |
A piece of DNA that provides a set of instructions to a cell to make a certain protein |
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Allele |
Any alternative forms of a gene that may occur at a specific locus |
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Homologous |
Two of the same alleles at a specific locus |
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Heterozygous |
Two different alleles at a specific locus |
