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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
mixture
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a combination of substances in which the individual substances do not change or combine chemically but instead retain their own individual properties; can be gases, solids, liquids, or any combination of them.
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organic compound
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compounds that always contain hydrogen and carbon; carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids are organic compounds found in living things
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enzyme
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a type of protein that regulates nearly all chemical reactions in cells
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inorganic compound
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compound, such as H2O that is made from elements other than carbon and whose atoms can usually be arranged in only one structure.
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passive transport
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movement of substances through a cell membrane without the use of cellular energy; includes diffusion, osmosis, and facilitated diffusion.
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diffusion
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a type of passive transport in cells in which molecules move from areas where there are more of them to areas where there are fewer of them.
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equilibrium
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occurs when molecules of one substance are spread evenly throughout another substance.
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osmosis
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a type of passive transport that occurs when water diffiuses through a cell membrane
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active transport
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energy-requiring process in which transport proteins bind with particles and move them through a cell membrane.
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endocytosis
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process by which a cell takes in a substance by surrounding it with the cell membrane.
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excocytosis
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process by which vesicles release their contents outside the cell
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metabolism
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the total of all chemical reactions in an organism
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photosynthesis
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process by which plants and many other producers use light energy from the Sun to make sugars, which can be used as food.
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respiration
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series of chemical reactions used to release energy stored in food molecules
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fermentation
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process by which oxygen-lacking cells and some one-celled organisms release small amounts of energy from glucose molecules and produce wastes such as alcohol, carbon dioxide, and lactic acid.
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