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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is enuresis?
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Repeated urination in clothing or in bed.
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What are gross motor skills?
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Physical skills that involve the large muscles.
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What are fine motor skills?
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Physical skills that involve the small muschles and eye-hand coordination.
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What are systems of action?
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Increasingly complex combinations of skills, which permit a wider or more precise range of movement and more control of the environment.
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What is handedness?
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Preference for using a particular hand.
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What is symbolic function?
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Piaget's term for ability to use mental representations (words, numbers, or images) to which a child has attached meaning.
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What is pretend play?
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Play involving imaginary people and situations; also called "fantasy play," "dramatic play," or "imaginative play."
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What is preoperational stage?
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In Piaget's theory, the second major stage of cognitive development, in which symbolic thought expends but children can not yet use logic.
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What is transduction?
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Piaget's term for a preoperational child's tendency to mentally link particular phenomena, whether or not there is logically a causal relationship.
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What is animism (as used in the Human Development textbook)?
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Tendency to attribute life to objects that are not alive.
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What is centration?
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In Piaget's theory, the tendency of preoperational children to focus on one aspect of a situation and neglect others.
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What is decenter?
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In Piaget's terminology, to think simultaneously about several aspects of a situation.
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What is egocentrism?
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Piaget's term for inability to consider another person's point of view; a characteristic of young children's thought.
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What is conservation?
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Piaget's term for awareness that two objects that are euqal according to a certain measure remain equal in the face of perceptual alteration so long as nothing has been added to or taken away from either object.
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What is irreversibility?
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Piaget's term for a preoperational child's failure to understand that an operation can go in two or more directions.
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What is theory of mind (as used in the Human Development textbook)?
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Awareness and understanding of mental processes.
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What is encoding?
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Process by which information is prepared for long-term storage and later retrieval.
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What is storage?
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Retention of information for future use.
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What is retrieval?
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Process by which information is accessed or recalled from memory storage.
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What is sensory memory?
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Intial, brief, temporary storage of sensory information.
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What is working memory?
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Short-term storage of information being actively processed.
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What is executive function?
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Conscious control of thoughts, emotions, and actions to accomplish goals or solve problems.
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What is the "central executive" element in Baddeley's model?
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The element of working memory that controls the processing of information.
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What is long-term memory?
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Storage of virtually unlimited capacity that holds information for long periods.
*Note, the idea of "virtually unlimited capacity" is challenged by some. |
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What is "recognition?"
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The ability to identifya previously encountered stimulus.
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What is "recall?"
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The ability to reproduce material from memory.
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What is generic memory?
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Memory that produces scripts of familiar routines to guide behavior.
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What is script (as used in the Human Development textbook)?
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General remembered outline of a familiar repeated event, used to guide behavior.
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What is episodic memory?
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Long-term memory of specific experiences or events, linked to time and place.
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What is autobiographical memory?
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Memory of specific events in one's life.
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What is the Social Interaction Model?
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Model based on Vygotsky's sociocultural theory, which proposes that children construct autobiographical memories through conversations with adults and shared events.
*Smart model, but fails to include memories which exist without the aid of adults, ex. some of my earliest memories. |
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What are the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales?
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Individual intelligence tests for ages 2 and up used to measure fluid reasoning, knowledge, quantitative reasoning, visual-spatial processing, and working memory.
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What is the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence, Revised (WPPSI-III)?
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Individual intelligence test for children ages 2 and 1/2 to 7 that yields verbal and performance scores as well as a combined score.
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What is zone of proximal development (ZPD)?
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Vygotsky's term for the difference between what a child can do alone and what the child can do with help.
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What is scaffolding?
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Temporary support to help a child master a task.
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What is fast mapping?
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Process by which a child absorbs the meaning of a new word after hearing it once or twice in conversation.
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What is pragmatics?
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The practical knowledge needed to use language for communicative purposes.
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What is social speech?
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Speech intended to be understood by a listener.
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What is private speech?
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Talking aloud to oneself with no intent to communicate with others.
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What is emergent literacy?
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Preschooler's development of skills, kowledge, and attitudes that underlie reading and writing.
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