251 Exam 4 Diseases

Front 1

S. Enterotoxicosis causative bacteria

Back 1

S. Aureus

Front 2

S. Enterotoxicosis symptoms

Back 2

Gastrointestinal upset, vomiting

Front 3

S. Enterotoxicosis methodology

Back 3

Binds to host receptor cells

Front 4

S. Enterotoxicosis transmission

Back 4

People are carriers contaminate foods, like potato salad

Front 5

S. Enterotoxicosis treatment/prevention

Back 5

It's self-limiting, symptoms resolve on their own after 24hrs

Maintain food at proper temperatures and keep good kitchen hygiene

Front 6

Botulism causative bacteria

Back 6

Clostridium botulinum

Front 7

Botulism symptoms

Back 7

Flaccid paralysis, death by cardiac and pulmonary failure

Front 8

Botulism methodology

Back 8

Toxin will bind to nerve endings and block the release of acetylcholine

Front 9

Botulism transmission

Back 9

Home canning, where food isn't heated up prior to consumption

Front 10

Botulism treatment /prevention

Back 10

Supportive therapy to allow nerve endings to regenerate

Cook foods in a pressure cooker and never eat from damaged cans

Front 11

Heliobacter causative bacteria

Back 11

Heliobacter pylori

Front 12

Heliobacter symptoms

Back 12

Peptic ulcers, nausea, abdominal pain increase on an empty stomach, burping

Front 13

Heliobacter methodology

Back 13

Destroys the mucosal surface of the stomach and its cells

Front 14

Heliobacter transmission

Back 14

Unknown, although maybe direct transmission of saliva

Front 15

Heliobacter treatment /prevention

Back 15

Antimicrobial therapy and acid blockers

No effective method of prevention

Front 16

Salmonellosis causative bacteria

Back 16

Salmonella enterica enteritidis

Front 17

Salmonella symptoms

Back 17

Mild diarrhea, fever, nausea, abdominal cramps

Front 18

Salmonella methodology

Back 18

Binds to M cells and enters them to get to the blood and then colonize in the liver and spleen

Front 19

Salmonella transmission

Back 19

From contaminated meats, cross contamination, pets, fruits or vegetables

Front 20

Salmonella treatment /prevention

Back 20

Oral or IV rehydration

Fully cook your meat, wash hands often, prevent cross contamination

Front 21

Typhoid fever causative bacteria

Back 21

S. Typhi

Front 22

Typhoid fever symptoms

Back 22

Poor appetite, high fever, headaches, lethargy, persistent diarrhea

Front 23

Typhoid fever methodology

Back 23

Spreads by shedding over long periods of time

Front 24

Typhoid fever transmission

Back 24

Shedding the organism into food or drink

Front 25

Typhoid fever treatment /prevention

Back 25

Cephalosporin for several weeks

Good hygiene, getting tested, avoiding sick individuals

Front 26

Cholera causative bacteria

Back 26

Vibrio cholera

Front 27

Cholera symptoms

Back 27

Dry mucous membrane, low blood pressure, muscle cramps, death

Front 28

Cholera methodology

Back 28

In the small intestine they secrete cholera toxin, which bind and enter host cells and force chloride ions out if the cell, flooding the intestine with water

Front 29

Cholera transmission

Back 29

Contaminated water supply

Front 30

Cholera treatment /prevention

Back 30

Replacement of fluids

Boil or disinfect water and cook foods that are potentially contaminated

Front 31

E coli causative bacteria

Back 31

ETEC

EPEC

EHEC

Front 32

Hemolytic uremic syndrome causative bacteria

Back 32

EHEC

Front 33

HUS methodology

Back 33

Toxin is absorbed into the blood and attacks the kidneys

Front 34

HUS symptoms

Back 34

Renal failure and death

Front 35

HUS treatment/prevention

Back 35

Antibiotics, blood transfusions, dialysis, low protein diet

Cook raw meat, wash hands, wash fruit and veggies, avoid unpasteurized milk

Front 36

HUS transmission

Back 36

Get it from EHEC

Front 37

Campylobacter gastroenteritis causative bacteria

Back 37

C. jejuni

Front 38

Campylobacter methodology

Back 38

Infects macrophages and goes to other areas of the body

Front 39

Campylobacter symptoms

Back 39

temporary bilateral paralysis, severe abdominal cramping, dysentery like symptoms

Front 40

Campylobacter transmission

Back 40

Primarily lives in chickens, food borne illness

Front 41

Campylobacter treatment /prevention

Back 41

Self limiting, antibiotics can be administered

Front 42

C. Difficile symptoms

Back 42

toxic megacolon, colon rupture, horrible smell, swollen abdomen

Front 43

C. Difficile methodology

Back 43

Produces Cytotoxin, CDT, and kills cells for new areas to colonize

Front 44

C. Difficile transmission

Back 44

Spores usually from a medical setting

Front 45

C. Difficile treatment /prevention

Back 45

Remove patient from the first antibiotic and put them on one that targets the organism, fecal transplant

Don't overuse antibiotics, isolate patients

Front 46

Hepatitis A

Back 46

F: Picornaviridae

S: malaise fever, chills, aches

M: Divides in intestinal lining, disseminates into liver

T: Fecal contaminated food/water

T/P: No treatment, vaccine

***children tend to be asymptomatic

Front 47

Norovirus

Back 47

S: abdominal cramps, children vomit, adults diarrhea

T: Fecal-oral contamination

T/P: oral rehydration

Front 48

EBV

Back 48

F: herpresviridae

S: 5 and under no symptoms, everyone else gets sore throat, enlarged Lymph nodes, extreme lethargy

M: infects oropharynx and spreads to B cells and then Lymph nodes

T: kissing, sharing saliva

T/P: monospot slide test, rest and fluids

Front 49

CMV

Back 49

F: herpresviridae

S: fever, malaise, mental defects in fetuses, serious complications in AIDS patients like retinitis

M: point of contact, then disseminates into the body

T: highly infective through bodily fluids

T/P: No treatment, HART for AIDS patients

Front 50

Hepatitis B

Back 50

F: hepadnaviridae

S: some asymptomatic, others fever, malaise, dark urine, jaundice

M: virus goes to the liver

T: nonsterile needles, dental equipment, bodily fluids

T/P: interferon a, vaccine

Front 51

Hepatitis C

Back 51

F: flaviviradae

S: few, mild symptoms except some get devastating chronic liver infection

T: blood transfusions

T/P: interferon a, boceprevir, EPCLUSA, no vaccine

Front 52

Enterohemorrhagic E coli symptoms

Back 52

Bloody diarrhea

Front 53

Enterohemorrhagic E coli methodology

Back 53

Toxin binds to intestinal mucosa and causes lining to slough off

Front 54

Enterohemorrhagic E coli transmission

Back 54

Contaminated leafy greens

Front 55

Enterohemorrhagic E coli treatment/prevention

Back 55

Supportive therapy

Front 56

Enteropathogenic E coli symptoms

Back 56

Profuse watery diarrhea

Front 57

Enteropathogenic E coli methodology

Back 57

Bind to host intestinal cells and disrupt tight junctions causing fluid influx

Front 58

Enteropathogenic E coli transmission

Back 58

Fecal-oral contamination of food and drink

Front 59

Enteropathogenic E coli treatment

Back 59

Fluid replacement

Front 60

Enterotoxigenic E coli symptoms

Back 60

Low fever, vomiting, travelers diarrhea

Front 61

Enterotoxigenic E coli methodology

Back 61

Heat stable and heat labile toxins infect epithelial cells and bind to but don't enter intestinal cells

Front 62

Enterotoxigenic E coli transmission

Back 62

Oral-fecal contamination of food and drink

Front 63

Enterotoxigenic E coli treatment /prevention

Back 63

Supportive therapy

Avoid under/uncooked foods

Front 64

Rotavirus type and family

Back 64

dsRNA, reoviridae

Front 65

Rotavirus symptoms

Back 65

Fever, diarrhea, vomiting

Front 66

Rotavirus methodology

Back 66

Kids under 5

Front 67

Rotavirus transmission

Back 67

Fecal-oral contamination

Front 68

Rotavirus treatment /prevention

Back 68

Supportive therapy, vaccine