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158 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Demokratia |
Rule of the people |
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Athens democracy not modern as it had |
women and slaves excluded from politics |
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Persian War Dates |
490-480 |
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Oath of Plataia |
No building on the Acropolis will depict Athens vs Persians |
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Perikles |
Political leader, trying to build an empire in 495 |
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Delian League |
Created in 478 Money from the Delian Treasury moved to Athens |
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Building of the Acropolis dates |
447-404 |
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Peloponnesian War dates |
431-404 |
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Fully formed Athens |
450-400 High Classical Period Best example of a city that had power, through detailed images and sculptures |
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Periklean Athens |
5th century Perikles- not a king but a person with influence |
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Athens City plan features |
Agora- central place, political center Acropolis- religious center Kerameikos- Cemetery Dipylon Gate- Entrance |
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Perikles was... |
One to beautify the city, try and make Athens an empire Physical appearance was a statement of power |
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Acropolis was built |
On top of the city, on a cliff |
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4 key components of Athenian Acropolis |
Proplyaia Temple of Athena Nike Parthenon Erectheion |
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Parthenon is the |
Most well known and revered, has a long standing history Doric Order Temple |
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Parthenon is what type of temple |
Doric Order Temple Has a colonnade Has a Naos |
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Parthenon sends a message of |
Power, monumental architecture, big |
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Optical Refinements |
They tried to make the Parthenon perfect by curving the floor and the columns to make it look straight. Top is curved also Eyes play a trick to make it seem perfectly straight but it is curved |
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Parthenon Artistic Messages |
Whole building is decorated, to show power Metopes- Doric Frieze and also Ionic Frieze, weird to have both, first to see this |
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Parthenon East Pediment |
Birth of Athena, patron deity of Athens, born to Zeus This is an Athenian origin story, everyone would of known it and it was mythological |
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The parthenon was once brightly |
Coloured, all parts |
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Parthenon west pediment |
Contest of Athen vs Poseidon Another origin story Athena was chosen because she offered the olive tree |
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Parthenon Metopes |
Very important Sculpted Trigliff- 3 bars on it All together is the Doric Frieze |
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Parthenon Metopes- Message |
West- Amazon North- Trojans South- Centaurs East- Giants Around the whole building are sculptures of these battles, mythological |
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Persians on Metopes at the Parthenon |
Depicted as mythological beast as the Greek didn't put the real historic battles on the Temples |
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A barbarian is |
Not greek |
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Being Athenian means |
You are civilized, and at the top of the Greek world |
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Parthenon Frieze |
Both Ionic and Doric Images of mythological events |
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Continual Frieze |
Parthenon |
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Parthenon Frieze is showing |
a Panhellenic Festival, a mythological event of the first one ever Shows rituals and procession and sacrifice |
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East Frieze on the Parthenon |
Most important Depicted their Deity as human, but made their size bigger and the are half nude, and sitting usually holding an attribute |
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Holes in the Frieze |
Little pieces on bronze or leather for brightness |
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What is missing from the artistic program |
Perikles or Herikles? Shows a change to democracy where individuals were not as important |
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Erechtheion has the |
Athena Polias Statue on it The garment on the statue is called the pelops |
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Erechtheion Plan |
Multiple levels Irregular plan Symbol of Athenian democracy |
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Caryatid Porch |
On the Erechtheion Porch is very tall Women in robes sculpture |
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Propylaia |
Gateway, entrance to the Acropolis |
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Propylaia looks like a |
Temple but isn't Sends a message of power when you enter the Acropolis |
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Temple of Athena Nike |
Small temple Built up high so you can see it There is historical images depicted |
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Agora was the |
Political Center of Athens
Also Religion too |
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Thing part of all Athenian life |
Religion |
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Old Bouleruterion |
Council House converted to a religious space In the Agora |
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Tholos |
Round building |
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New Bouleuterion |
Changed to a much larger space to fit more people Has an alter for sacrifice before meetings |
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Altar of the 12 Gods in Athens |
Central place of religious piety Connection between religion and politics In the Agora |
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The Tyrannicides |
Killer of the last tyrants Public sculptures in the Agora |
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Toumba/ Heroon at Lefkandi Architecture |
950 BC Complex and monumental Function specific- storage pits First example of a colonnade |
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Heraion on Samos |
Many different plans, getting more complex, development over time, for the look of the building |
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Heraion on Samos first plan |
mud brick walls, stone foundation Center roof supported by timber beans which blocked the images |
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Heraion on Samos second plan |
Colonnade around all sides, peristyle Covered colonnade added |
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Heraion on Samos 4th plan |
More colonnades added |
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Heraion on Samos Sanctuary |
Entrance on the east Altar outside, for worship, inside for the god Sacred area covered by a low wall (stoa) |
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Temple Plan features |
Pronaos- entrance porch Naos/cella- center room Opistodomos- rear porch Peristlye- covered external colonnade Stylobate- floor level of the temple 3 steps up to the temple |
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Doric Order temple popular in the |
West and mainland |
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Temple of Apollo at Therman |
Clay metopes Shows progression |
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Temple of Hera at Olympia |
Timber columns replaced by stone Doric Development |
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Temple of Artemis at Kerkyra |
Earliest stone temple 580 Pediment is medusa, symbol of power |
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Temple of Zeus at Olympia |
Cult statue of Zeus Stone |
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Temple of Zeus at Olympia Pediment |
East- Zeus as the arbitrator of justice West- Apollo as the arbitrator of justice Mythological |
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Doric Order Temples have |
Alternating metopes (carved or painted) and Triglyphs Plain architravel/ epistyle Round capital with large square cap No base for column |
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Ionic Order temples popular |
in the east
|
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Temple of Artemis at Ephesus |
Double colonnade |
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Which came first, Ionic or Doric |
Doric, Ionic used some of the ideas of Doric temples |
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Siphnian Treasury at Delphi |
single room and a porch Columns are carved into women |
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Ionic Order Temples |
Carved and painted Frieze Carved horizontal band in the architrvael/epistyle Volute capital with small square cap Round base for columns |
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The Acropolis used to be a |
Hill, transformed to a religious sanctuary |
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Persian Wars |
490- Marathon 480- naval at Salamis 479- land battle at Plataea Funds from wins built temples Persian war wins built the Acropolis with the Delian Treasury funds |
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Peloponnesian War |
Athens lost |
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Parthenon |
Had a Frieze but it was a Doric Order temple |
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Temple of Apollo Bassae |
Doric order Interior boasts 10 ionic half columns On mainland of Greece but has ionic features |
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Two temples that are Doric but have Frieze |
Parthenon and Temple of Apollo Bassae |
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Iron age time period (Dark age) |
1200/1100-800/750 BC |
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Greek Renaissance time period |
800/750-700BC |
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Archaic Period |
700-480 BC |
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Mycenaean Palaces issue |
Too specialized, if there was a collapse of one thing it all goes down |
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Dark ages causes |
Gradual disappearing of the palaces, no single events more of a combination |
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Being close to a Palace in the Bronze age |
meant your village was more worse off Places away from palaces continued Lefkandi thrives as it was far away from a palace |
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Trends in the Dark age |
Loss of monumental stone architecture Loss of literacy (Linear B) Less specialization and production of crafts Changes in burial practices Decrease in populations lost trade in this time |
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Dark age had a lack of |
Archaeological evidence |
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Refugee Settlements |
started in Dark age Taking refuge away from something Karphi on Crete |
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Major material in the Dark age/ Iron age |
Iron, more durable |
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Karphi (the nail) issues |
Location is high, not accessible No evidence of clear planning- built quick |
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Karphi finds |
Clay statues from a shrine area, could be from the Minoan world |
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Karphi Now |
Very high up Terrain is rough Implies quick need to get away from the coast |
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Other name for Dark age or Iron age |
Sub-Mycenaean age |
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Place to have emerging features during dark age |
Lefkandi |
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Past excavations at Lefkandi found |
Toumba builing and a number of burial areas |
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Current excavations at Lefkandi found |
the surrounding occupation of Lefkandi, large house and granaries Farmer destroyed as much as possible |
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Excavations of the Toumba |
Front is the foreground Back is a half circle |
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Sub- Mycenaean at Lefkandi |
950 BC Toumba was Huge and monumental First example of a peripteral building Storage pits, burials, platforms-rituals at front, shaft graves |
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Toumba is a |
Large house of a chief or a cult space where heres are worshiped |
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Peripteral |
Fully surrounded columns |
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Burials at toumba |
Being buried with horse shows prestige Male was cremated, inhumed female both in the same shaft grave Women covered by gold, shows trade Large ceremony |
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Bronze vessels |
At the toumba, cremated males Hunt scene on the urn, money to hunt |
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Destruction of wealth |
ability to bury gold |
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Plan of Lefkandi |
Toumba covered with a huge tumulus (burial mound) |
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Centaur |
Found in graves near the toumba
Protogeometric style Mythological stories |
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Protogeometric style |
prominent in 900 BC |
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Connected spaces |
where one was buried the space takes on a scared deal |
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Communal Groups share |
collective name common myth decent shared history distint shared culture association with a specific territory sense of solidarity |
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Imported Pottery |
Suggests coming out of the dark ages, lost trade in this time |
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Gold jewelry |
gold found in burials in the toumba showed elite comes from northern europe |
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Heirlooms |
a valuable object that has belonged to a family for several generations |
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Find from inside homes at Lefkandi |
suggest reemergence of representational art
|
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Lefkandi considerations |
Foreign trade active Public use/ function sites used continually, and were further away from bronze age palaces and wereable to keep their economy going even just on a small scale |
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Lefkandi had a great |
sense of community, lots of spirit |
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Other places in Greece compared to Lefkandi |
Not much happening compare to here Maybe suggest a collapse of Greece |
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Warrior Graves |
900BC iron finds including sword, spearheads, horse bits Importantness of war Cremation Heroism gave you status |
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Athens and Toumba similarities |
Graves of warriors, elites with lots of procession in them Cremation |
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Tomb of the Rich Athenian Lady |
Advanced geometric patter on vessels Gold jewelry and ivory disk Lady controlled surplus Shows wealth ^^ |
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Synoikism |
City and countryside |
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Greek Renaissance was the start of the |
Archaic Period |
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Greek Renaissance showed |
Spatial distinctions, in size and complexity Writing reappears Trade from the east Monumental temples Elite display |
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Development of Sanctuaries |
In the Greek Renaissance |
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Panhellenic |
For all greeks, sanctuary is where they came together |
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Dipylon Jug |
Named after where it was found Inscriptions on the shoulder suggesting competitions were happening |
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Nestor Cup |
Found on the coast of Italy Nestor is from the Iliad Poetry |
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Chigi Vase |
Hoplite Warfare depicted |
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Bronze Amour in Archaic Greece |
Was expensive, more accessible from trade |
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Hoplite Warfare |
Working together, individual not as important Movement towards democracy |
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Emergence In Archaic Greece |
Temple Tyrants Greek Sanctuaries (Samos) |
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Tyrant |
Someone who took power unlawfully |
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Samos and Olympia |
Not cities but an extension of the city |
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Characteristic Unit of Government |
polis |
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Two waves of migration to Greece |
Dorian Invasion Greeks from mainland migrated East |
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Karphi had..... refugees |
Minoan |
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Lefkandi was located on the island of |
Euboea |
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Early Polis was ruled by |
Kings or chief Sometimes a tyrant |
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Zagora |
on a hill for defence The schist, a stone for building used Isolated graves |
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Temple of Zagora |
Scared place Porch and shrines on floors |
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Two most famous cemeteries |
Toumba and Keramekois |
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Keramekois located |
just outside the Dipylon Gate |
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Greek believe the dead were |
ritually polluting, so they were outside the city |
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Corinth developed what type of poetry style |
Protocorinthian”Orientalizing style |
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Best known examples of a Sanctuary in Greece |
Samian Heraion, Hera on Samos |
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Greek sanctuary outdoor altar |
focus of worship |
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Near east borrowing of |
Coinage |
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Frist change in the temple plan was |
Material- mudbrick to stone Ground plan, elevation and decoration |
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Similarities between Doric and Ionic |
Rectangle shape, orientated east and west, with the entrance on the east |
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How many steps up to a temple |
3 Upper step was the stylobate |
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Doric and Ionic columns |
The Doric column stands directly on thestylobate, whereas the Ionic column shaft rests on a round base. |
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Doric an Ionic Frieze |
Doric frieze has triglyphs or vertically grooved pieces , alternate with metopes The Ionicfrieze is plain |
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Spartan citizens |
Perioikor- less rights, able to be in army Helots- no rights, farmers |
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All work from Sparta |
written by outsiders |
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Important aspect in Sparta |
Group solidarity, training, no individualism |
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Difference between Athens and Sparta |
Athens was a democracy Sparta was a oligarchy |
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Two hills in Athens |
thePnyx, the smaller of the two the Popular Assembly held its meetings the Acropolis, or “high city,” had been the fortified center of the city since the BronzeAge. |
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Pythia |
Oracle at Delphi |
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Stoa |
walkway |
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Best known statue at Delphi |
Bronze charioteer |
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Delphi and Olympia |
Panhellenic area |
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Olympic Games began |
776 BC |
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Temple of Zeus Pediments |
East- displayed a scene from the mythical his-tory of Olympia West- shows its subject at the high point of the action |
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Delian League formed in |
478 BC |
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Parthenon metopes number |
92 |
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Erechtheion temple type |
Ionic |
|
Priene is famous for |
an unusually well-preserved example of a Late Classical–Hellenistic city plan. |
|
Hippodamus invented |
the division of cities |