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900 Cards in this Set
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- Back
cosmetology |
the art and science of beautifying and improving the skin, nails, and hair and includes the study of cosmetics and their application |
|
first to cultivate beauty in an extravagant fashion |
egyptians |
|
first two cultures to do things to the nails |
egyptians and ehinese |
|
culture that used chalk and white lead for a facial cosmetic, as well as, using hair color to distinguish between social class |
romans |
|
culture that shaved eyebrows and hairline as a sign of greater intelligence |
renaissance |
|
in 1905, the first heavily wired machine that supplied electrical current to metal rods to hair strands which is referred to as a perm, was invented by who |
charles nessler |
|
in 1906, madame cj walker started selling what |
madame cj walker's wonderful hair grower |
|
in 1872, who was the frenchman to invent the first curling iron |
marcel grateau |
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in 1932, who invented the first perm method that no longer required a machine |
evans and mcdonough |
|
in 1932, revlon nail polish was invented by who |
charles revlon |
|
in 1932, lawrence gleb invented what |
the first clairol hair color line |
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vidal sassoon did what in the 1960's |
showed the world his revolutionary geometric cuts |
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noel decaprio coined the term "day spa" in what decade |
1980's |
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haircolor specialist |
expert in haircolor |
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texture specialist |
expert in perms and relaxers |
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cutting specialist |
expert in haircuts |
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salon trainer |
trains salon professionals |
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distributor sales consultant |
distributes salon products |
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manufacturer educator |
educates salon professionals on salon products |
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cosmetology instructor |
educates aspiring stylists |
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film/theater/editorial stylist |
stylist who works in the entertainment industry |
|
salon manager |
manager of a functioning salon |
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ethics |
the moral principles by which we live and work |
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game plan |
the conscious act of planning your life, instead of just letting things happen |
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goal setting |
the identification of long-term and short-term goals that helps you decide what you want out of life |
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mission statement |
a statement that establishes the values that an individual or institution lives by, as well as future goals |
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perfectionism |
an unhealthy compulsion to do things perfectly |
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prioritize |
to make a list of tasks that needs to be done in order of most-to-least importance |
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procrastination |
putting off until tomorrow what you can do today |
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ergonomics |
the science of designing the workplace as well as its equipment and tools to make specific body movements more comfortable, efficient, and safe |
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personal hygiene |
daily maintenance of cleanliness by practicing good healthful habits |
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physical presentation |
your posture, as well as the way you walk and move |
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professional image |
the impression you project through both your outward appearance and your conduct in the workplace |
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client consultation |
aka needs assessment, the verbal communication with a client that determines what the client's needs are and how to achieve the desired results |
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effective communication |
the act of sharing information between two or more people so that the information is successfully understood |
|
reflective listening |
listening to the client and then repeating, in your own words, what you think the client is telling you |
|
acquired immune deficiency syndrome |
aka AIDS, a disease that breaks down the body's immune system. AIDS is caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) |
|
acquired immunity |
immunity that the body develops after overcoming a disease, through inoculation, or through exposure to natural allergens |
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allergy |
reaction due to extreme sensitivity to certain foods, chemicals, or other normally harmless substances |
|
antiseptics |
chemical germicides formulated for use on skin, registered and regulated by the food and drug administration (FDA) |
|
asymptomatic |
showing no symptoms or signs of infection |
|
bacilli |
short rod-shaped bacteria. they are most common bacteria and produce diseases such as tetanus (lockjaw), typhoid fever, tuberculosis, and diphtheria |
|
bacteria |
one-celled microorganisms that have both plant and animal characteristics. some are harmful and some are harmless |
|
bactericidal |
capable of destroying bacteria |
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binary fission |
the division of bacteria cells into two new cells called daughter cells |
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bioburden |
the number of visible organisms in or on an object or surface or the organic material on a surface or object before decontamination or sterilization |
|
bloodborne pathogens |
disease-causing microorganisms carried in the body by blood or body fluids, such as hepititis and HIV |
|
chelating soaps |
aka chelating detergents, detergents that break down stubborn films and remove the residue of pedicure products |
|
clean/cleaning |
scrubbing using soap and water or detergent and water to remove all visible dirt, debris, and many disease-causing germs |
|
cocci |
round-shaped bacteria that appear singly or in groups |
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contagious disease |
aka communicable disease, disease that is spread from one person to another person, like the common cold, ringworm, pinkeye, etc |
|
contamination |
the presence of blood or other potentially infectious materials on an item's surface or visible debris or residues such as dust |
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decontamination |
the removal of blood or other potentially infectious materials on an item's surface and the removal of visible debris or residue such as dust |
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diagnosis |
determination of the nature of a disease from its symptoms and/or diagnostic tests |
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diplococci |
spherical bacteria that grow in pairs and cause diseases such as pneumonia |
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direct transmission |
transmission of blood or body fluids through touching, kissing, coughing, sneezing, and talking |
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disease |
an abnormal condition of all or part of the body or its systems or organs that makes the body incapable of carrying on normal function |
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disinfectants |
chemical products that destroy all bacteria, fungi, and viruses (but not spores) on surfaces |
|
disinfection/disinfecting |
chemical process that uses specific products to destroy harmful organisms (except bacterial spores) on environmental surfaces |
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efficacy |
the ability to produce an effect |
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exposure incident |
contact with broken skin, blood, body fluids or other potentially infectious materials that is the results of the performance of an employee's duties |
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flagella |
slender, hair-like extensions used by bacilli and spirilla for locomotion |
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fungi/fungus |
microscopic plant parasites, which include molds, mildews, ad yeasts, can produce contagious diseases such as ringworm |
|
fungicidal |
capable of destroying fungi |
|
hepititis |
bloodborne virus that causes disease and can damage the liver |
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hospital disinfectants |
disinfectants that are effective for cleaning blood and body fluids |
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human immunodeficiency virus |
aka HIV, virus that causes AIDS |
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human papiloma virus |
aka HPV, a virus that can infect the bottom of the foot and resembles small black dots, usually in clustered groups |
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immunity |
the ability of the body to destroy and resist infection |
|
indirect transmission |
transmission of blood or body fluids through contact with an intermediate contaminated object such as a razor, extractor, nipper, or an environmental surface |
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infection |
the invasion of body tissues by disease-causing pathogens |
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infection control |
are the methods used to eliminate or reduce the transmission of infectious organisms |
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infectious |
caused by or capable of being transmitted by infection |
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infectious disease |
disease caused by pathogenic (harmful) microorganisms that enter the body |
|
infammation |
body's way of reacting to injury, irritation, or infection, characterized by redness, heat, pain, and swelling |
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local infection |
infection, such as a pimple or abscess, that is confined to a particular part of the body and appears as a lesion containing pus |
|
material safety data sheet |
aka MSDS, information compiled by the manufacturer about product safety, including the names of hazardous ingredients, safe handling and use procedures, precautions to reduce the risk of accidental harm or overexposure, and flammability warnings |
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methicillin-resistant staphyloccus aureus |
aka MRSA, type of infectious bacteria that is highly resistant to conventional treatments such as antibiotics |
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microorganism |
any organism of microscopic or submicroscopic size |
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mildew |
a type of fungus that affects plants or grows on inanimate objects, but does not cause human infections in the salon |
|
motility |
self-movement |
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multiuse |
aka reusable, items that can be cleaned, disinfected, and used on more than one person, even if the item is accidentally exposed to blood or body fluid |
|
mycobacterium fortuitum |
a microscopic germ that normally exists in tap water in small numbers |
|
natural immunity |
immunity that is partly inherited and partly developed though healthy living |
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nonpathogenic |
harmless microorganisms that may perform useful functions and are safe to come in contact with since they do not cause disease or harm |
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nonporous |
an item that is made or constructed of a material that has no pores or openings and cannot absorb liquids |
|
occupational disease |
illness resulting form conditions associated with employment, such as prolonged and repeated overexposure to certain products or ingredients |
|
parasites |
organisms that grow, feed, and shelter on or in another organism (host), while contributing nothing to the survival of that organism |
|
parasitic disease |
disease caused by parasites, such as lice |
|
pathogenic |
harmful microorganisms that can cause disease or infection in humans when they invade the body |
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pathogenic disease |
disease produced by organisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites |
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phenolic disinfectants |
powerful tuberculocidal disinfectants |
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porous |
made or constructed of a material that has pores or openings |
|
pus |
a fluid created by infection |
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quaternary ammonium compounds |
aka quats, disinfectants that are very effective when used properly in the salon |
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sanitation/sanitizing |
chemical process for reducing the number of disease-causing germs on cleaned surfaces to safe level |
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scabies |
a contagious skin disease that is caused by the itch mite, which burrows under the skin |
|
single-use |
aka disposable, items that cannot be used more than once |
|
sodium hypochlorite |
common household bleach |
|
spirilla |
spiral or corkscrew-shaped bacteria that cause diseases such as syphilis and lyme disease |
|
staphylococci |
pus-forming bacteria that grow in clusters like a bunch of grapes |
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sterilization |
the process that completely destroys all microbial life, including spores |
|
streptococci |
pus-forming bacteria arranged in curved lines like a string of beads, can cause strep throat and blood poisoning |
|
systemic disease |
disease that affects the body as a whole, often due to under functioning or over functioning of internal glands or organs |
|
tinea barbae |
aka barber's itch, superficial fungal infection that commonly affects the skin |
|
tinea capitis |
fungal infection of the scalp characterized by red papules (spots) at the opening of the hair follice |
|
tinea pedis |
ringworm of the foot |
|
toxins |
various poisonous substances produced by some microorganisms |
|
tuberculocidal disinfectants |
disinfectants that kill the bacteria causing tuberculosis |
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tuberculosis |
disease caused by bacteria that are transmitted through coughing and sneezing |
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universal precautions |
a set of guidelines published by OSHA that require the employer and the employee to assume that all human blood and body fluids are infectious for bloodborne pathogens |
|
virucidal |
capable of destroying viruses |
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virus/viruses |
parasitic submicroscopic particle the infects and resides in cells of biological organisms |
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active stage |
bacteria grow and reproduce |
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inactive stage |
aka spore-forming stage, coat themselves in wax-like shell |
|
hep a |
flu-like symptoms - vaccine available |
|
hep b |
can be cancerous - vaccine available |
|
hep c |
fatigue causing - no vaccines |
|
acne |
skin disorder characterized by chronic inflammation of the sebaceous glands from retained secretions and propionbacterium acnes (p. acnes) bacteria |
|
arrector pili muscles |
small, involuntary muscles in the base of the hair follicle that cause goose bumps |
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callus |
thickening of the skin caused by continues repeated pressure on any part of the skin, especially hands and feet |
|
collagen |
fibrous protein that gives the skin form and strength |
|
comedo/comedones |
aka blackhead, hair follicle filled with keratin and sebum |
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dermal papillae/papilla |
small cone-shaped elevations at the base of the hair follicles that fit into the hair bulb |
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dermatologist |
physician who specializes in diseases and disorders of the skin, hair, and nails |
|
dermatology |
medical branch of science that deals with the study of skin and its nature, structure, functions, diseases, and treatment |
|
dermis |
aka derma/corium/cutis/true skin, inner layer of the skin |
|
elastin |
protein base similar to collagen that forms elastic tissue |
|
epidermal-dermal junction |
top of the papillary layer where it joins the epidermis |
|
epidermis |
outermost layer of the skin, it is made up of five layers |
|
esthetician |
specialist in the cleansing, beautification, and preservation of the health of the skin on the entire body, including the face and neck |
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eumelanin |
type of melanin that is dark brown to black in color |
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keratin |
fibrous protein of cells that is also principal component of hair and nails |
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melanin |
tiny grains of pigment that are produced by melanocytes and deposited into cells in the stratum germinativum layer of the epidermis and in the papillary layers of the dermis |
|
melanocytes |
cells that produce the dark skin pigment called melanin |
|
motor nerve fibers |
fibers of the motor nerves that are distributed to the arrector pili muscles attached to hair follicles |
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papillary layer |
outer layer of the dermis, directly beneath the epidermis |
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papule |
aka pimple, small elevation on the skin that contains no fluid but may develop |
|
pheomelanin |
type of melanin that is red to yellow in color |
|
propionibacterium acnes |
aka p. acnes, technical term for acne bacteria |
|
pustule |
raised, inflammed papule with a white or yellow center containing pus in the top of the lesion referred to as the head of the pimple |
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reticular layer |
deeper layer of the dermis that supplies the skin with oxygen and nutrients, contains fat cells, blood vessels, sweat glands, hair follicles, lymph vessels, arrector pili muscles, oil glands, and nerve endings |
|
sebaceous glands |
aka oil glands, glands connected to hair follicles |
|
sebum |
fatty secretion that lubricates the skin and preserves the softness of the hair |
|
secretory coil |
coiled base of the sweat gland |
|
secretory nerve fibers |
fibers of the secretory nerve that are distributed to the sweat glands and sebaceous glands |
|
sensory nerve fibers |
fibers of the sensory nerves that react to heat, cold, touch, pressures, and pain |
|
stratum corneum |
aka horny layer, outer layer of the epidermis |
|
stratum germinativum |
aka basal cell layer, layer of the epidermis composed of cells that look like granules and are filled with keratin |
|
stratum lucidum |
transparent layer of the epidermis under the stratum corneum |
|
stratum spinosum |
spiny layer just above the stratum germinativum layer |
|
subcutaneous tissue |
aka adipose/subcutis tissue, fatty tissue found below the dermis that gives smoothness and contour to the body |
|
sudoriferous glands |
aka sweat glands, excrete perspiration and detoxify the body by excreting excess salt and unwanted chemicals |
|
tactile corpuscles |
small epidermal structures with nerve endings that are sensitive to touch and pressure |
|
vitamin a |
supports the overall health of the skin |
|
vitamin c |
needed for proper repair of the skin and tissues |
|
vitamin d |
enables body to properly absorb and use calcium |
|
vitamin e |
protects skin from harmful effects of UV light |
|
leukoderma |
skin disorder characterized by light abnormal patches caused by a burn or congenital disease that destroys the pigment-producing cells
|
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macule/maculae |
flat spot or discoloration on the skin, such as a freckle or a red spot left after a pimple |
|
malignant melanoma |
most serious form of skin cancer, often characterized by black or dark brown patches on skin that may appear uneven in texture, jagged, or raised |
|
milia |
benign, keratin-filled cysts that can appear just under the epidermis and have no visible opening |
|
miliiaria rubra |
aka prickly heat, an acute inflammatory disorder of the sweat glands, characterized by the eruption of small red vesicles and accompanied by burning, itching skin |
|
mole |
small brownish spot or blemish on the skin, ranging in color from pale tan to brown or bluish black |
|
nevus |
aka birthmark, small or large malformation of the skin due to abnormal pigmentation or dilated capilaries |
|
nodule |
a solid bump larger than .4 inches that can be easily felt |
|
noncomedogenic |
product that has been designed and proven not to clog the follicles |
|
primary lesions |
lesions that are a different color than the color of the skin, and/or lesions that are raised above the surface of the skin |
|
psoriasis |
skin disease characterized by red patches covered with silver-white scales, usually found on the scalp, elbows, knees, chest, and lower back |
|
retention hyperkeratosis |
the hereditary tendency for acne-prone skin to retain dead cells in the follicle, forming an obstruction that clogs follicles and exacerbates inflammatory acne lesions such as papules and pustules |
|
scale |
any thin dry or oily plate of epidermis flakes, like dandruff |
|
scar |
aka cicatrix, a lightly raised mark on the skin formed after an injury or lesion of the skin has healed |
|
sebaceous cyst |
large protruding pocket-like lesion filled with sebum |
|
seborrheic dermatitis |
skin condition caused by an inflammation of the sebaceous glands |
|
secondary skin lesions |
characterized by piles of material on the skin surface, such as a crust or scab, or depressions in the skin surface, such as ulcer |
|
sensitization |
allergic reaction created by repeated exposure to a chemical or a substance |
|
skin tag |
small brown-colored or flesh-colored outgrowth of the skin |
|
squamous cell carcinoma |
type of skin cancer more serious than basal cell carcinoma, often characterized by scaly red papules or nodules |
|
stain |
abnormal brown-colored or wine-colored skin discoloration with a circular and/or irregular shape |
|
tan |
change in pigmentation of skin caused by exposure to the sun or ultraviolet light |
|
telanglectasis |
distended or dilated surface blood vessels |
|
tubercle |
abnormal, rounded, solid lump above, within, or under the skin, larger than a papule |
|
tumor |
an abnormal mass varying in size, shape, and color |
|
ulcer |
open lesion on the skin or mucous membrane of the body, accompanied by pus and loss of skin depth and possibly weeping fluids or pus |
|
verruca |
aka wart, hypertrophy of the papillae and epidermis |
|
vesicle |
small blister or sac containing clear fluid, lying within or just beneath the epidermis |
|
vitiligo |
hereditary condition that causes hypopigmentation spots and splotches on the skin, may be related to thyroid conditions |
|
wheal |
itchy, swollen lesion that lasts only a few hours, caused by a blow or scratch, the bite of an insect, skin allergy, or sting of a nettle, like hives and mosquito bites |
|
bed epithelium |
thin layer of tissue that attaches the nail plate and the nail bed |
|
eponychium |
living skin at the base of the natural nail plate that covers the matrix area
|
|
free edge |
part of the nail plate that extends over the tip of the finger or toe
|
|
hyponychium |
slightly thickened layer of skin that lies between the finger tip and free edge of the natural nail plate
|
|
ligament |
tough band of fibrous tissue that connects bones or holds an organ in place
|
|
lunula |
visible part of the matrix that extends from underneath the living skin, whitish half moon shape at the base of the nail
|
|
matrix |
are where the nail plate cells are formed, this area is composed of matrix cells that produce the nail plate
|
|
nail bed |
portion of the living skin that supports the nail plate as it grows toward the free edge
|
|
nail cuticle |
dead colorless tissue attached to the natural nail plate
|
|
nail folds |
folds of normal skin that surround the natural nail plate
|
|
nail grooves |
slits or furrows on the sides of the sidewall
|
|
nail plate |
hardened keratin that sits on and covers the natural nail bed
|
|
natural nail |
aka onyx, hard protective plate is composed mainly of keratin, the same fibrous protein found in skin and hair
|
|
natural nail unit |
composed of several major parts of the fingernail including the nail plate, nail bed, matrix, cuticle, eponychium, hyponychium, specialized ligaments, and nail fold
|
|
sidewall |
aka lateral nail fold, the fold of skin overlapping the side of the nail
|
|
beau's lines |
visible depressions running across the width of the natural nail plate, usually a result of major illness or injury that has traumatized the body |
|
bruised nails |
condition in which a blood clot forms under the nail plate, causing a dark purplish spot
|
|
discolored nails |
nails turn a variety of colors, may indicate surface staining, a systemic disorder, or poor blood circulation
|
|
eggshell nails |
noticeably thin, white nail plates that are most flexible than normal and can curve over the free edge
|
|
hangnail |
aka agnail, a condition in which the living tissue surrounding the nail plate splits or tears
|
|
leukonychia spots |
aka white spots, whitish discoloration of the nails, usually caused by injury to the matrix area, not related to the body's health or vitamin deficiencies
|
|
melanonychia |
darkening of the fingernails or toenails, may be seen as a black band within the nail plate, extending from the base to the free edge
|
|
nail disorder |
condition caused by an injury or disease of the nail unit
|
|
nail psoriasis |
a noninfectious condition that affects the surface of the natural nail plate causing tiny pits or severe roughness on the surface of the nail plate |
|
nail pterygium |
abnormal condition that occurs when the skin is stretched by the nail plate, usually caused by serious injury, such as burns or an adverse skin reaction to chemical nail enhancement products
|
|
onychia |
inflammation of the nail matrix, followed by shedding of the natural nail
|
|
onychocryptosis |
aka ingrown nails, nail grows into the sides of the tissue around the nail
|
|
onycholysis |
lifting of the nail plate from the nail bed without shedding, usually beginning at the free edge and continuing toward the lunula area
|
|
onychomadesis |
the separation and falling off of a nail plate from the nail bed, affects fingernails and toenails
|
|
onychomycosis |
fungal infection of the natural nail plate
|
|
onychophagy |
aka bitten nails, result of a habit of chewing the nail or chewing the hardened skin surrounding the nail plate
|
|
onychorrhexis |
split or brittle nails that have a series of lengthwise ridges giving a rough appearance to the surface of the nail plate
|
|
onychosis |
any deformity or disease of the natural nails
|
|
paronychia |
bacterial inflammation of the tissues surrounding the nail causing pus, swelling, and redness, usually in the skin fold adjacent to the nail plate
|
|
pincer nails |
aka trumpet nail, increases crosswise curvature throughout the nail plate caused by an increased curvature of the matrix
|
|
plicatured nail |
aka folded nail, a type of highly curved nail usually caused by injury to the matrix, but may be inherited |
|
pseudomonas aeruginosa |
one of several common bacteria that can cause nail infection |
|
pyogenic granuloma |
severe inflammation of the nail in which a lump of red tissue grows up from the nail bed to the nail plate |
|
ridges |
vertical lines running through the length of the natural nail plate that are caused by uneven growth of the nails, usually the result of normal aging
|
|
splinter hemorrhages |
hemorrhages caused by trauma or injury to the nail bed that damage the capillaries and allow small amounts of blood flow
|
|
tinea pedis |
medical term for fungal infections of the feet, red itchy rash of the skin on the bottom of the feet and/or in between the toes |
|
alopecia |
abnormal hair loss |
|
alopecia areata |
form of alopecia that has one or more bald spots/patches on the scalp
|
|
alopecia totalis |
total scalp hair loss |
|
alopecia universalis |
total body hair loss
|
|
amino acids |
units that are joined together end to end like pop beads by strong, chemical peptide bonds (end bonds) to form the polypeptide chains that comprise proteins
|
|
anagen phase |
aka growth phase, phase during which new hair is produced
|
|
androgenic alopecia |
aka male pattern baldness, form of alopecia wherein hair becomes vellus
|
|
canities |
technical term for gray hair
|
|
carbuncle |
inflammation of the subcutaneous tissue caused by staphylococci, similar to furuncle but larger
|
|
catagen phase |
the brief transition period between the growth and resting phases of a hair follicle
|
|
COHNS elements |
the five elements - carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and sulfur - that make up human hair, skin, and nails
|
|
cortex |
middle layer of the hair, a fibrous protein core formed y elongated cells containing melanin pigment |
|
cowlick |
tufts of hair that stand straight up |
|
cysteine |
amino acids that join with other cysteine amino acids to create cystine amino acids
|
|
cystine |
an amino acid that joins together two peptide strands
|
|
disulfide bond |
strong chemical side bond that joins the sulfur atoms of two neighboring cysteine amino acids to create one cystine, which joins together two polypeptide strands like rungs on a ladder
|
|
fragilitas crinium |
technical term for brittle hair
|
|
furuncle |
boil, acute, localized bacterial infection of the hair follicle that produces constant pain
|
|
hair bulb |
lowest part of a hair strand, thickened club-shaped structure that forms the lower part of the hair root
|
|
hair cuticle |
outermost layer of hair, consisting of a single overlapping layer of transparent scale-like cells that look like shingles on a roof
|
|
hair density |
number of individual strands of hair per square inch
|
|
hair elasticity |
ability of hair to stretch and return to original length without breaking
|
|
hair follicle |
tube-like depression or pocket in the skin or scalp that contains the hair root
|
|
hair porosity |
ability of the hair to absorb moisture
|
|
hair root |
part of the hair located below the surface of the epidermis
|
|
hair shaft |
the portion of hair that projects above the epidermis
|
|
hair stream |
hair flowing in the same direction
|
|
hair texture |
thickness or diameter of an individual hair strand
|
|
helix |
spiral shape of a coiled protein created by polypeptide chains that intertwine with each other
|
|
hydrogen bond |
weak, physical, cross-like side bond that is easily broken by water or heat
|
|
hydrophilic |
easily absorbs moisture |
|
hydrophobic |
naturally resistant to moisture
|
|
hypertrichosis |
aka hirsuties, condition of abnormal growth of hair, characterized by the growth of terminal hair in areas of the body that normally grow only vellus hair |
|
keratinization |
process by which newly formed cells in the hair bulb mature, fill with keratin, move upward, lose their nucleus, and die
|
|
lanthionine bonds |
the bonds created when disulfide bonds are broken by hydroxide chemical hair relaxers after the relaxer is rinsed from the hair
|
|
malassezia |
naturally occurring fungus that is present on all human skin, but is responsible for dandruff when it grows out of control
|
|
medulla |
innermost layer of the hair that is composed of round cells, often absent in fine and naturally blond hair
|
|
monilethrix |
technical term for beaded hair
|
|
pediculosis capitis |
infestation of the hair and scalp with head lice
|
|
peptide bond |
aka end bond, chemical bond that joins amino acids to each other, end to end, to form a polypeptide chain
|
|
pityriasis |
technical term for dandruff
|
|
pityriasis capitis simplex |
technical term for classic dandruff, scalp irritation, large flakes, and itchy scalp
|
|
pityriasis steadoides |
sever dandruff, waxy scales
|
|
polypeptide chain |
long chain of amino acids linked by peptide bonds |
|
postpartum alopecia |
temporary hair loss experienced at the conclusion of a pregnancy
|
|
proteins |
long, coiled complex polypeptides made of amino acids
|
|
ringed hair |
alternating bands of gray and pigmented hair throughout the length of the hair strand
|
|
salt bond |
weak, physical, cross-link side bond between adjacent polypeptide chains
|
|
scutula |
dry, sulfur-yellow, cup-like crusts on the scalp in tinea favosa or tinea favus |
|
side bonds |
bonds that cross-link the polypeptide chains together and are responsible for the extreme strength and elasticity of human hair |
|
telogen phase |
aka resting phase, the final phase in the hair cycle that lasts until the fully grown hair is shed
|
|
terminal hair |
long, coarse, pigmented hair found on the scalp, legs, arms, and bodies of men and women
|
|
tinea |
technical term for ringworm |
|
tinea favosa |
fungal infection characterized by dry, sulfur-yellow, cup-like crusts on the scalp called scutula
|
|
trichology |
scientific study of hair and its diseases and care
|
|
trichoptilosis |
technical term for split ends
|
|
trichorrhexis nodosa |
technical term for knotted hair
|
|
vellus hair |
short, fine, unpigmented downy hair that appears on the body, with exception of the palms of hand and soles of feet
|
|
wave pattern |
shape of the hair strands - straight, wavy, curly, extremely curly
|
|
whorl |
hair that forms in a circular pattern on the crown of the head |
|
acidic solution |
solution that has a pH below 7.0 (neutral) |
|
alkaline solution |
solution that has a pH above 7.0 (neutral) |
|
alkalis |
aka bases, compounds that react with acids to form salts
|
|
alkanolamines |
alkaline substances used to neutralize acids or raise the pH of many hair products |
|
alpha hydroxy acids |
aka AHAs, acids derived from plants (mostly fruit) that are often used to exfoliate the skin |
|
ammonia |
colorless gas with a pungent odor that is composed of hydrogen and nitrogen
|
|
anion |
an ion with a negative electrical charge
|
|
atoms |
smallest chemical components (often called particles) of an element, structures that make up the element and have the same properties of the element
|
|
cation |
an ion with a positive electrical charge
|
|
chemical change |
changes in the chemical composition or make-up of a substance |
|
chemical properties |
characteristics that can only be determined by a chemical reaction and a chemical change in the substance |
|
chemistry |
science that deals with the composition, structures, and properties of matter, and how matter changes under different conditions |
|
combustion |
rapid oxidation of a substance, accompanied by the production of heat and light
|
|
compound molecules |
aka compounds, a chemical combination of two or more atoms of different elements in definite (fixed) proportions
|
|
element |
simplest form of chemical matter, element cannot be broken down into a simpler substance without a loss of identity
|
|
elemental molecules |
molecule containing two or more atoms of the same element in fixed proportions
|
|
emulsifier |
ingredient that brings two normally incompatible materials together and binds them into a uniform and fairly stable blend
|
|
emulsion |
unstable physical mixture of two or more immiscible substances plus a special ingredient called emulsifier
|
|
exothermic reactions |
chemical reactions that release a significant amount of heat
|
|
glycerin |
sweet, colorless, oily substance used as a solvent and as a moisturizer in skin and body creams
|
|
immiscible |
liquids that are not capable of being mixed together to form stable solutions
|
|
inorganic chemistry |
study of substances that do not contain the element carbon, but may contain the element hydrogen
|
|
ion |
atom or molecule that carries an electrical charge
|
|
ionization |
separation of an atom or molecule into positive and negative ions |
|
lipophilic |
having an affinity for or an attraction to fat and oils
|
|
logarithm |
multiples of ten
|
|
matter |
any substance that occupies space and has mass (weight)
|
|
misicible |
liquids that are mutually soluble
|
|
molecule |
chemical combination of two or more atoms in fixed proportions
|
|
oil-in-water emulsion |
aka O/W emulsion, oil droplets emulsified in water
|
|
organic chemistry |
study of substances that contain the element carbon
|
|
oxidation |
chemical reaction that combines a substance with oxygen to produce an oxide
|
|
oxidation reduction |
aka redox, chemical reaction in which the oxidizing agent is reduced and reducing agent is oxidized
|
|
oxidizing agent |
substance that releases oxygen |
|
pH |
aka potential hydrogen, pH represents the quantity of hydrogen ions |
|
pH scale |
a measure of the acidity and alkalinity of a substance, the pH scale has a range of 0 to 14, with 7 being neutral. below 7 is an acidic solution, above 7 is an alkaline solution |
|
physical change |
change in the form or physical proportions of a substance, without a chemical reaction or the creation of a new substance |
|
physical mixture |
physical combination of matter in any proportions |
|
physical properties |
characteristics that can be determined without a chemical reaction and that do not cause a chemical change in the substance |
|
pure substance |
chemical combination of matter in fixed proportions |
|
reducing agent |
substance that adds hydrogen to a chemical compound or subtracts oxygen from the compound |
|
reduction |
process though which oxygen is subtracted from or hydrogen is added to a substance through a chemical reaction |
|
reduction reaction |
chemical reaction in which oxygen is subtracted from or hydrogen is added to a substance |
|
silicones |
special type of oil used in hair conditioners, water-resistant lubricants for the skin, and nail polish dryers |
|
solute |
the substance that is dissolved in a solution |
|
solution |
stable physical mixture of two or more substances |
|
solvent |
substances that dissolves the solute and makes a solution |
|
states of matter |
three different physical forms of matter - solid, liquid, and gas |
|
surfactants |
contraction of surface active agents, substances that allow oil and water to mix, or emulsify |
|
suspensions |
unstable physical mixtures of undissolved particles in a liquid |
|
thioglycolic acid |
colorless liquid or white crystals with a strong unpleasant odor that is used in permanent waving solutions |
|
volatile alcohols |
alcohols that evaporate easily |
|
volatile organic compounds |
aka VOCs, compounds that contain carbon (organic) and evaporate very easily |
|
water-in-oil emulsion |
aka W/O emulsion, water droplets are emulsified in oil |
|
active electrode |
electrode of an electrotherapy device that is used on the area to be treated |
|
alternating current |
aka AC, rapid and interrupted current, flowing first in one direction and then in the opposite direction, produced by mechanical means and changes directions 60 times per second
|
|
ampere |
aka amp, unit that measures the strength of an electric current
|
|
anaphoresis |
process of infusing an alkaline product into the tissues from the negative pole toward the positive pole
|
|
anode |
positive electrode of an electrotherapy device, the anode is usually red and is marked with a P or a plus sign
|
|
catalysts |
substances that speed up chemical reactions
|
|
cataphoresis |
process of fusing an acidic product into deeper tissues using galvanic current from the positive pole toward the negative pole
|
|
cathode |
negative electrode of an electrotherapy device, the cathode is usually black and is marked with an N or a minus sign
|
|
chromophore |
a color component within the skin such as blood or melanin
|
|
circuit breaker |
switch that automatically interrupts or shuts off an electric circuit at the first indication or overload
|
|
complete electric circuit |
path of negative and positive electric currents moving from the generating source through the conductors and back to the generating source |
|
conductor |
any material that conducts electricity
|
|
converter |
apparatus that changes direct current to alternating current
|
|
desincrustation |
form of anaphoresis, process used to soften and emulsify grease deposits (oils) and blackheads in the air follicles
|
|
direct current |
aka DC, constant, even-flowing current that travels in one direction only had is produced by chemical means |
|
electric current |
flow of electricity along a conductor
|
|
electricity |
movement of particles around an atom the creates pure energy
|
|
electrode |
aka probe, applicator for directing electric current from an electrotherapy device to the client's skin
|
|
electromagnetic spectrum |
aka electromagnetic spectrum of radiation, name given to all of the forms of energy that exist
|
|
fuse |
prevents excessive current from passing through a circuit
|
|
galvanic current |
constant and direct current, having a positive and negative pole, that produces chemical changes when it passes through the tissues and fluids of the body |
|
grounding |
completes an electric circuit and carries the current safely away
|
|
inactive electrode |
opposite pole from the active electrode
|
|
infared light |
longer wavelengths, penetrates more deeply, has less energy, and produces more heat than visible light, makes up 60% of natural sunlight |
|
intense pulse light |
medical device that uses multiple colors and wavelengths of focused light to treat spider veins, hyperpigmentation, rosacea, redness, wrinkles, enlarged hair follicles and pores, and excessive hair
|
|
invisible light |
light at either end of the visible spectrum of light that is invisible to the naked eye |
|
iontophoresis |
process of infusing water-soluble products into the skin with the use of electric current, such as the use of the positive and negative poles of a galvanic machine
|
|
kilowatt |
aka K, 1,000 watts
|
|
laser |
acronym for light amplification stimulation emission of radiation, a medical device that uses electromagnetic radiation for hair removal and skin treatment
|
|
light-emitting diode |
aka LED, a medical device used to reduce acne, increase skin circulation, and improve the collagen content in the skin
|
|
light therapy |
aka phototherapy, the application of light rays to the skin for the treatment of wrinkles, capillaries, pigmentation, or hair removal
|
|
microcurrent |
an extremely low level of electricity that mirrors the body's natural electrical impulses |
|
milliampere |
aka mA, 1/1,000th of an ampere |
|
modalities |
currents used in electrical facial and scalp treatments |
|
nonconductor |
aka insulator, a material that does not transmit electricity |
|
ohm |
aka O, unit that measures the resistance of an electric current |
|
photothermolysis |
process that turns light from a medical laser device into heat |
|
polarity |
negative pole or positive pole of an electric current |
|
rectifier |
apparatus that changes alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC) |
|
tesla high-frequency current |
aka violet ray, thermal or heat-producing current with a high rate of oscillation of vibration that is commonly used for scalp and facial treatments |
|
ultraviolet light |
aka UV light, invisible light that has a short wavelength, is less penetrating than visible light, causes chemical reactions to happen more quickly then visible light, produces less heat than visible light, and kills germs |
|
visible spectrum of light |
part of electromagneticspectrum that can be seen, visible light makes up only 35% of natural sunlight |
|
volt |
aka voltage, unit that measures the pressure or force that pushes electric current forward through a conductor |
|
watt |
aka W, unit that measures how much electric energy is being used in one second |
|
waveform |
measurement of the distance between two wavelengths |
|
wavelength |
distance between successive peaks of electromagnetic waves |
|
asymmetrical balance |
is established when two imaginary halves of a hairstyle have an equal visual weight, but the two halves are positioned unevenly. opposite sides of the hairstyle are different lengths or have a different volume. asymmetry can be horizontal or diagonal |
|
balance |
establishing equal or appropriate proportions to create symmetry. in hairstyling, it is the relationship of height to width
|
|
bang area |
aka fringe area, triangular section that begins at the apex, or high point of the head, and ends at the front corners |
|
concave profile |
curving inward, prominent forehead and chin, with other features receded inward
|
|
contrasting lines |
horizontal and vertical lines that meet at a 90-degree angle and create and hard edge
|
|
convex profile |
curving outward, receding forehead and chin
|
|
curved lines |
lines moving in a circular or semi-circular direction, used to soften a design
|
|
design texture |
wave patterns that must be taken into consideration when designing a style
|
|
diagonal lines |
lines positioned between horizontal and vertical lines. they are often used to emphasize or minimize facial features
|
|
directional lines |
lines with a definite forward or backward movement
|
|
emphasis |
aka focus, the place in a hairstyle where the eye is drawn first before traveling to the rest of the design
|
|
form |
the mass or general outline of a hairstyle. it is 3D and has length, width, and depth
|
|
harmony |
creation of unity in a design, the most important of the art principles. holds all the elements of the design together
|
|
horizontal lines |
lines parallel to the floor or horizon, create width in design
|
|
parallel lines |
repeating lines in a hairstyle, may be straight or curved
|
|
profile |
outline of the face, head, or figure seen in a side view
|
|
proportion |
the comparative relation of one thing to another, the harmonious relationship among parts or things
|
|
rhythm |
regular pulsation or recurrent pattern of movement in a design |
|
single lines |
hairstyle with only one line, such as the one-length hairstyle
|
|
space |
area surrounding the form or area the hairstyle occupies
|
|
straight profile |
neither convex nor concave, considered the ideal |
|
symmetrical balance |
two halves of a style, form a mirror image of one another
|
|
transitional lines |
usually curved lines that are used to blend and soften horizontal or vertical lines
|
|
vertical lines |
lines that are straight up and down, create length and height in hair design |
|
balancing shampoo |
shampoo that washes away excess oiliness from hair and scalp, while preventing the hair from drying out |
|
clarifying shampoo |
shampoo containing an active chelating agent that binds to metals such as iron and copper, and removes them from the hair
|
|
color-enhancing shampoo |
shampoo created by combining the surfactent base with basic color pigments
|
|
conditioner |
special chemical agent applied to the hair to deposit protein or moisturizer to help restore hair strength, give hair body, or to protect hair against possible breakage
|
|
contraindicated |
avoiding a procedure or condition that may produce undesirable side effects
|
|
deep-conditioning treatment |
aka hair mask, chemical mixture of concentrated protein and intensive moisturizer
|
|
deionized water |
water that has had impurities, such as calcium and magnesium and other metal ions that would make a product unstable, removed |
|
dry shampoo |
aka powder shampoo, shampoo that cleanses the hair without the use of soap and water
|
|
hard water |
water that contains minerals that reduce the ability of soap or shampoo to lather
|
|
humectants |
substances that absorb moisture or promote the retention of moisture
|
|
medical scalp lotion |
conditioner that promotes healing of the scalp
|
|
medicated shampoo |
shampoo containing special chemicals or drugs that are very effective in reducing dandruff or relieving other scalp conditions
|
|
moisturizer |
product formulated to add moisture to dry hair or promote the retention of moisture
|
|
nonstripping |
product that does not remove artificial color from the hair
|
|
pH-balanced shampoo |
shampoo that is balanced to the pH of skin and hair (4.5 to 5.5)
|
|
protein conditioner |
product designed to penetrate the cortex and reinforce the hair shaft from within
|
|
scalp astringent lotion |
product used to remove oil accumulation from the scalp, used after a scalp treatment and before styling
|
|
scalp conditioner |
product, usually in a cream base, used to soften and improve the health of the scalp
|
|
soft water |
rainwater of chemically softened water that contains only a small amount of minerals and therefore, allows soap and shampoo to lather freely
|
|
spray-on thermal protector |
product applied to hair prior to any thermal service to protect the hair from the harmful effects of blowdrying, thermal irons, or electric rollers |
|
angle |
space between two lines or surfaces that intersect at a given point |
|
apex |
highest point on the top of the head
|
|
beveling |
haircutting technique using diagonal lines by cutting hair ends with a slight increase or decrease in length
|
|
blunt haircut |
aka one-length haircut, haircut in which all the hair comes to one hanging level, forming a weight line or area, hair is cut with no elevation or overdirection
|
|
carving |
haircutting technique done by placing the still blade into the hair and resting it on the scalp, and then moving the shears through the hair while opening and partially closing the shears
|
|
cast |
method of manufacturing shears, a metal-forming process whereby molten steel is poured into a mold and, once the metal is cooled, takes on the shape of the mold |
|
clipper-over-comb |
haircutting technique similar to scissor-over-comb, except that the clippers move side to side across the comb rather than bottom to top |
|
cross-checking |
parting the haircut in the opposite way from which you cut it in order to check for precision of line and shape
|
|
crown |
area of the head between the apex and back of the parietal ridge
|
|
cutting line |
angle at which the fingers are held when cutting, and ultimately, the line that is cut, aka finger angle, finger position, cutting position, or cutting angle
|
|
distribution |
where and how hair is moved over the head
|
|
elevation |
aka projection or lifting, angle or degree at which a subsection of hair is held, or lifted, from the head when cutting
|
|
forged |
process of working metal to a finished shape by hammering or pressing |
|
four corners |
points on the head that signal a change in the shape of the head, from flat to round or vice versa |
|
free-hand notching |
haircutting technique in which pieces of the hair are snipped out at random intervals
|
|
free-hand slicing |
haircutting technique used to release weight from the subsection, allowing the hair to move more freely
|
|
graduated haircut |
graduated shape or wedge, an effect or haircut that results from cutting the hair with tension low to medium elevation or overdirection
|
|
graduation |
elevation occurs when a section is lifted above 0 degrees
|
|
growth pattern |
direction in which the hair grows from the scalp also referred to as natural fall or neutral falling position
|
|
guideline |
aka guide, section of hair located at the perimeter or or the interior of the cut, that determines the length the hair will be cut
|
|
hairline |
hair the grows at the outermost perimeter along the face, around the ears, and on the neck
|
|
head form |
aka head shape, shape of the head, which greatly affects the way the hair falls and behaves
|
|
interior |
inner or internal part
|
|
interior guideline |
guideline that is inside the haircut rather than on the perimeter
|
|
layered haircut |
graduated effect achieved by cutting the hair with elevation or overdirection, the hair is cut at higher elevations, usually 90 degrees or above, which removes weight
|
|
layers |
create movement and volume in the hair by releasing weight
|
|
line |
the continuous mark used as a guide, can be straight or curved, horizontal or vertical
|
|
long-layered haircut |
haircut in which the hair is cut at a 180 degree angle, the resulting shape has shorter layers at the top and increasingly longer layers toward the perimeter |
|
nape |
back part of the neck, the hair below the occipital bone
|
|
notching |
haircutting technique a version of point cutting in which the tips of the scissors are moved toward the hair ends rather than into them, creates chunkier effect
|
|
occipital bone |
bone that protrudes at the base of the skull
|
|
overdirection |
combing a section away from its natural falling position, rather than straight out from the head, toward a guideline, used to create increasing lengths in the interior or perimeter
|
|
palm-to-palm |
cutting position in which the palms of both hands are facing eachother |
|
parietal ridge |
widest area of the head, usually starting at the temples and ending at the bottom of the crown
|
|
part/parting |
line dividing the hair at the scalp, separating one section of the hair from another, creating substances
|
|
perimeter |
outer line of a hairstyle
|
|
point cutting |
haircutting technique in which the tips of the shears are used to cut points into the ends of the hair
|
|
razor-over-comb |
texturizing technique in which the comb and the razor are used on the surfaces of the hair |
|
razor rotation |
texturizing technique similar to razor-over-comb, done with small circular motions
|
|
reference points |
points on the head that mark where the surface of the head changes or the behavior of the hair changes, such as ears, jawline, occipital bone, apex, and so on, used to establish design lines that are proportionate
|
|
scissor-over-comb |
aka shear-over-comb, haircutting technique in which the hair is held in place with the comb while the tips of the scissors are used to remove the lengths.
|
|
sections |
to divide the hair by parting into uniform working areas for control
|
|
shrinkage |
when hair contracts or lifts through the action of moisture loss or drying
|
|
slicing |
haircutting technique that removes bulk, and adds movement through the lengths of the hair, the shears are not completely closed, and only the portion of the blades near the pivot is used
|
|
slide cutting |
method of cutting or thinning the hair in which the fingers and shears glide along the edge of the hair to remove length
|
|
slithering |
aka effilating, process of thinning the hair to graduated lengths with shears, cutting the hair with a sliding movement of the shears while keeping the blades partially open
|
|
stationary guideline |
guideline that does not move
|
|
subsections |
smaller sections within a larger section of hair, used to maintain control of the hair
|
|
taper |
haircutting effect in which there is an even blend from very short at the hairline to longer lengths as you move up the head, to taper is to narrow progressively at one end
|
|
tension |
amount of pressure applied when combing and holding a section, created by stretching or pulling the section |
|
texturizing |
haircutting technique designed to remove access bulk without shortening the length, changing the appearance or behavior of the hair through specific haircutting techniques using shears, thinning shears, or a razor
|
|
traveling guideline |
aka movable guide, guideline that moves as the haircutting progresses, used often when creating layers or graduation
|
|
uniform layers |
hair is elevated to 90 degrees from the scalp and cut at the same length
|
|
weight line |
visual line in the haircut where the ends of the hair hang together |
|
backbrushing |
aka ruffling, technique used to build a soft cushion or to mesh two or more curl patterns together for a uniform and smooth comb out |
|
backcombing |
aka teasing, ratting, matting, french lacing, combing small sections of hair from the ends toward the scalp, causing shorter hair to mat at the scalp and form a cushion or base |
|
barrel curls |
pin curls with large center openings, fastened to the head in a standing position on a rectangular base |
|
base |
stationary foundation of a pin curl, the panel of hair on which the roller is placed |
|
blowdry styling |
technique of drying and styling damp hair in a single operation |
|
carved curls |
aka sculptured curls, pin curls sliced from a shaping and formed without lifting the hair from the head
|
|
cascade curls |
aka stand-up curls, pin curls fastened to the head in a standing position to allow the hair to flow upward and then downward
|
|
circle |
the part of the pin curl that forms a complete circle, also the hair that is wrapped around the roller
|
|
closed-center curls |
pin curls that produce waves that get smaller toward the end
|
|
concentrator |
nozzle attachment of a blowdryer, directs the air stream to any section of the hair more intensely
|
|
curl |
aka circle, the hair that is wrapped around the roller |
|
diffuser |
blowdryer attachment that causes the air to flow more softly and helps to accentuate or keep textural definition |
|
double press |
technique of passing a hot curling iron through the hair before performing a hard press
|
|
end curls |
used to give a finished appearance to hair ends either turned under or over
|
|
finger waving |
process of shaping and directing the hair into an S pattern through the use of the fingers
|
|
foam |
aka mousse, a light airy whipped styling product that resembles shaving foam and builds moderate body and volume into the hair
|
|
full-base curls |
thermal curls that sit in the center of their base, strong curls with full volume
|
|
full-stem curls |
curl placed completely off the base, allows for the greatest mobility
|
|
gel |
thickened styling preparation that comes in a tube or bottle and creates a strong hold
|
|
hair pressing |
method of temporary straightening extremely curly or unruly hair by means of a heated iron or comb
|
|
hair spray |
aka finishing spray, a styling product applied in the form of a mist to hold a style in position, available in a variety of holding strengths
|
|
hair wrapping |
technique used to keep curly hair smooth and straight
|
|
half base |
position of a curl or a roller that sits halfway on its base and halfway behind the base, giving medium volume and movement
|
|
half-base curls |
thermal curls placed half off their base, strong curls with moderate lift or volume
|
|
half-stem curl |
curl placed half off the base, permits medium movement and gives good control to the air
|
|
hard press |
technique that removes 100% of the curl by applying the pressing comb twice on each side of the hair
|
|
indentation |
the point where curls of opposite directions meet, forming a recessed area |
|
knot |
aka chignon, technique used for formal hairstyling that creates the look of a knot or bun
|
|
liquid gels |
aka texturizers, styling products that are lighter and less viscous than form hold gels used for easy styling, defining, and molding |
|
medium press |
technique that removes 60-75% of the curl by applying a thermal pressing comb once on each side of the hair, using slightly more pressure than in the soft press
|
|
no-stem curl |
curl placed directly on its base, produces a tight, firm, long-lasting curl and allows minimum mobility
|
|
off base |
the position of a curl or a roller completely off its base for maximum mobility and minimum volume
|
|
off-base curls |
thermal curls placed completely off their base, offering only slight lift or volume
|
|
on base |
aka full base, position of a curl or roller directly on its base for maximum volume
|
|
open-center curls |
pin curls that produce even, smooth waves and uniform curls
|
|
pleat |
aka classic french twist, a technique used for formal hairstyling that creates a look of folded hair
|
|
pomade |
aka wax, styling products that add considerable weight to the hair by causing strands to join together, showing separation in the hair
|
|
ribboning |
technique of forcing the hair between the thumb and the back of the back of the comb to create tension
|
|
ridge curls |
pin curls placed immediately behind or below a rdige to form a wave
|
|
rod |
round, solid prong of a thermal iron
|
|
shaping |
section of the hair that is molded in a circular movement in preparation for the formation of curls
|
|
shell |
the clamp that presses the hair against the barrel or rod of a thermal iron
|
|
skip waves |
two rows of ridge curls, usually on the of the head
|
|
soft press |
technique of pressing the hair to remove 50 to 60% of the curl by applying the thermal pressing comb once on each side of the hair
|
|
spiral curl |
method of curling the hair by winding a strand around the rod
|
|
stem |
section of the pin curl between the base and first arc of the circle that gives the curl its direction and movement, hair between the scalp and the first turn of the roller
|
|
straightening gel |
styling product applied to damp hair that is wavy, curly, or extremely curly and then blown dry, relaxes the hair for a smooth, straight look
|
|
temper |
a process used to condition a new brass pressing comb so that it heats evenly
|
|
thermal irons |
implements made of quality steel that are used to curl dry hair
|
|
thermal waving and curling |
aka marcel waving, methods of waving and curling straight or pressed dry hair using thermal irons and special manipulative curling techniques
|
|
twist |
techniques used for formal hairstyling that creates a look of conical shape
|
|
updo |
hairstyle in which the hair is arranged up and off the shoulders
|
|
volume-base curls |
thermal curls placed very high on their base, provide maximum lift or volume
|
|
volumizers |
styling products that add volume, especially at the base, when wet hair is blown dry
|
|
waving lotion |
type of hair gel that makes the hair pliable enough to keep it in place during the finger-waving procedure |
|
cornrows |
aka canerows, narrow rows of visible braids that lie close to the scalp and are created with a three-strand, on-the-scalp braiding technique |
|
fishtail braid |
simple two-strand braid in which hair is picked up from the sides and added to the strands as they are crossed over each other |
|
invisible braid |
aka inverted braid, french braid, a three-strand braid that is produced with an overhand technique
|
|
locks |
aka dreadlocks, separate networks of curly, textured hair that have been intertwined and meshed together
|
|
natural hairstyling |
hairstyling that uses no chemicals or dyes and does not alter the natural curl or coil pattern of the hair
|
|
overhand technique |
a technique in which the first side section goes over the middle one, then the other side section goes over the middle strand
|
|
rope braid |
braid created with two strands that are twisted around each other
|
|
single braids |
aka box braid, individual braids, free-hanging braids, with or without extensions, that can be executed using either an underhand or an overhand technique
|
|
twisting |
overlapping two strands to form a candy cane effect
|
|
underhand technique |
aka plaiting, a technique in which the left section goes under the middle strand, then the right section goes under the middle strand
|
|
visible braid |
three-strand braid that is created using an underhand technique
|
|
weaving |
intertwining a weft or faux hair with natural hair |
|
block |
head-shaped form, usually made of canvas-covered cork or styrofoam, on which the wig is secured for fitting, cleaning, coloring, and styling |
|
bonding |
method of attaching hair extensions in which hair wefts or single strands are attached with adhesive or bonding agent
|
|
braid-and-sew method |
attachment method in which hair extensions are secured to client's own hair by sewing braids or a weft onto an on-the-scalp braid or cornrow, which is sometimes called the track
|
|
cap wigs |
wigs constructed of elasticized, mesh-fiber bases to which the hair is attached
|
|
capless wigs |
aka caps, machine-made from human or artificial hair which is woven into rows of wefts. wefts are sewn to elastic strips in a circular pattern to fit the head shape
|
|
fallen hair |
hair that has been shed from the head or gathered from a hairbrush as opposed to hair that has been cut, the cuticles of the strands will move in different directions
|
|
fusion bonding |
method of attaching extensions in which extension hair is bonded to the clients own hair with a bonding material that is activated by heat from a special tool |
|
hair extensions |
hair additions that are secured to the base of the clients natural hair in order to add length, volume, texture, or color
|
|
hairpiece |
small wig used to cover the top or crown of the head, or a hair attachment of some sort |
|
hand-tied wigs |
aka hand-knotted wigs, wigs made by inserting individual strands of hair into mesh foundations and knotting them with a needle
|
|
integration hairpiece |
hairpiece that has opening in the base through which the client's own hair is pulled to blend with the hair of the hairpiece
|
|
machine-made wigs |
wigs made by machine by feeding wefts through a sewing machine and then sewing them together to form the base and shape of the wig
|
|
semi-hand-tied wigs |
wigs constructed with a combination of synthetic hair and hand-tied human hair
|
|
toupee |
small wig used to cover the top or crown of the head
|
|
turned hair |
aka remi hair, the root end of every single strand is sewn into the base so the the cuticle of all hair strands move in the same direction: down
|
|
wefts |
long strips of human or artificial hair with a threaded edge
|
|
wig |
artificial covering for the head consisting of a network of interwoven hair |
|
acid-balanced waves |
permanent waves that have a 7.0 (neutral) pH because of their higher pH, they process at room temperature, do not require the added heat of a dryer, process more quickly, and produce firmer curls than true acid waves |
|
alkaline waves |
aka cold waves, have a pH between 9.0 and 9.6, use ATG as the reducing agent and process at room temperature without the addition of heat
|
|
amino acids |
compounds made up of carbon, oxygen, hydrogens, nitrogen, sulfur (COHNS)
|
|
ammonia-free waves |
perms that use an ingredient that does not evaporate as readily as ammonia so there is very little odor associated with their use
|
|
ammonium thioglycolate (ATG) |
active ingredient or reducing agent in alkaline permanents (cold waves)
|
|
base control |
position of the tool in relation to its base section, determined by the angle at which the hair is wrapped
|
|
base cream |
aka protective base cream, oily cream used to protect the skin and scalp during hair relaxing
|
|
base direction |
angle at which the rod is positioned on the head, also the directional pattern in which the hair is wrapped
|
|
base placement |
refers to the position of the rod in relation to its base section, base placement is determined by the angle at which the hair is wrapped
|
|
base relaxers |
relaxers that require the application of protective base cream to the entire scalp prior to the application of the relaxer
|
|
base sections |
substances of panels into which hair is divided for perm wrapping, one rod is normally placed on each base section
|
|
basic permanent wrap |
aka straight set wrap, perm wrapping pattern in which all the rods within a panel move in the same direction and are positioned on equal-sized bases, all the base sections are horizontal, and are the same length and width as the perm rod
|
|
bookend wrap |
perm wrap in which one end paper is folded in half over the hair ends like an envelope
|
|
bricklay permanent wrap |
perm wrap similar to actual technique of bricklaying, base sections are offset from each other row by row, to prevent noticeable splits and to blend the flow of the hair
|
|
chemical hair relaxing |
process or service that rearranges the structure of curly hair into a straighter or smoother form |
|
chemical texture services |
hair services that cause a chemical change that alters the natural wave pattern of the hair
|
|
concave rods |
perm rods that have a smaller diameter in the center that increases to a larger diameter on the ends
|
|
croquignole perm wrap |
perms in which the hair strands are wrapped from ends to scalp in overlapping concentric layers
|
|
curvature permanent wrap |
perm wrap in which partings and bases radiate throughout the panels to follow the curvature of the head |
|
double flat wrap |
perm wrap in which one end paper is placed under and another is placed over the strand of hair being wrapped |
|
double-rod wrap |
aka piggyback wrap, a wrap technique whereby extra-long hair is wrapped on one rod from the scalp to midway down the hair shaft, and another rod is used to wrap the remaining hair strand in the same direction
|
|
end papers |
aka end wraps, absorbent papers used to control the ends of the hair when wrapping and winding hair on perm rods
|
|
endothermic waves |
perm activated by an outside heat source, usually a conventional hood-type hair dryer
|
|
exothermic waves |
create an exothermic chemical reaction that heats up the waving solution and speeds up processing
|
|
glyceryl monothioglycolate (GMTG) |
main active ingredient in true acid-balanced waving lotions
|
|
half off-base placement |
base control in which the hair is wraped at an angle of 90 degrees or perpendicular to its base section and the rod is positioned half off its base-section
|
|
hydroxide neutralization |
an acid-alkali neutralization reaction that neutralizes the alkaline residues left in the hair by a hydroxide relaxer and lowers the pH of the hair and scalp, hydroxide relaxer neutralization does not involve oxidation or rebuild disulfide bonds |
|
hydroxide relaxers |
very strong alkalis with a pH over 13, the hydroxide ion is the active ingredient in all hydroxide relaxers
|
|
keratin proteins |
long, coiled polypeptide chains
|
|
lanthionization |
process by which hydroxide relaxers permanently straighten hair, they remove a sulfur atom from a disulfide bond and convert it into a lanthionine bond
|
|
loop rod |
aka circle rod, tool that is usually about 12 inches long with a uniform diameter along the entire length of the rod |
|
low-pH waves |
perms that use sulfates, sulfites, and bisulfites as an alternative to ammonium thioglycolate (ATG), they have a low pH
|
|
metal hydroxide relaxers |
ionic compounds formed by a metal which is combined with oxygen and hydrogen |
|
no-base relaxers |
relaxers that do not require application of a protective base cream
|
|
normalizing lotions |
conditioners with an acidic pH that restore the hair's natural pH after a hydroxide relaxer and prior to shampooing |
|
off-base placement |
base control in which the hair is wrapping at 45 degree angle beyond perpendicular to its base section, and the rod is positioned on its base |
|
on-base placement |
base control in which the hair is wrapped at a 45 degree angle beyond perpendicular to its base section, and the rod is positioned on its base
|
|
peptide bonds |
aka end bonds, chemical bonds that join amino acids together, and to end in long chains, to form polypeptide chains
|
|
permanent waving |
a two-step process whereby the hair undergoes a physical change caused by wrapping the hair on perm rods, and then the hair undergoes a chemical change caused by the application of permanent waving solution and neutralizer |
|
polypeptide chains |
long chains of amino acids joined together by peptide bonds |
|
single flat wrap |
perm wrap that is similar to double flat wrap but uses only one end paper, placed over the top of the strand of the hair being wrapped
|
|
soft bender rods |
tool about 12 inches long with a uniform diameter along the entire length
|
|
soft curl permanent |
combination of a thio relaxer and a thio permanent that is wrapped on large rods to make existing curl larger and looser |
|
spiral perm wrap |
hair is wrapped at an angle other than perpendicular to the length of the rod, which causes the hair to spiral along the length of the rod, similar to the stripes on a candy cane
|
|
straight rods |
perm rods that are equal in diameter along their entire length or curling area |
|
thio neutralization |
stops the action of a permanent wave solution and rebuilds the hair in its new curly form
|
|
thio relaxers |
use the same ATG that is used in permanent waving, but at a higher concentration and a higher pH (above 10)
|
|
thio-free waves |
perm that uses an ingredient other than ATG as the primary reducing agent, such as cysteamine or mercaptamine
|
|
true acid waves |
have a pH between 4.5 and 7.0 and require heat to process, they process more slowly than alkaline waves, and do not usually produce as firm a curl as alkaline waves
|
|
viscosity |
the measurement of the thinness of a liquid that affects that affects how the fluid flows |
|
weave technique |
wrapping technique that uses zigzag partings to divide base areas |
|
activators |
aka boosters, protinators, accelerators, powdered persulfate salts added to haircolor to increase its lightening ability |
|
aniline derivatives |
contain small, uncolored dyes that combine with hydrogen peroxide to form larger, permanent dye molecules within the cortex |
|
baliage |
aka free-form technique, painting a lightener directly onto clean, styled hair
|
|
base color |
predominant tone of a color
|
|
cap technique |
lightening technique that involves pulling clean, dry strands of hair through a perforated cap with a thin plastic or metal hook, and then combing them to remove tangles
|
|
color fillers |
equalize porosity and deposit color in one application to provide a uniform contributing pigment on prelightened hair
|
|
complementary colors |
a primary and secondary color positioned directly opposite each other on the color wheel
|
|
conditioner fillers |
used to recondition damaged, overly porous hair and equalize porosity so that the hair accepts the color evenly from strand to strand and scalp to ends
|
|
contributing pigment |
aka undertone, the varying degrees of warmth exposed during a permanent color or lightening process
|
|
demipermanent haircolor |
aka no-lift deposit-only color, formulated to deposit but not lift natural hair color
|
|
developers |
aka oxidizing agents or catalysts, when mixed with an oxidation haircolor, supplies the necessary oxygen gas to develop color molecules and create a change in hair color |
|
double-process application |
aka two-step coloring, a coloring technique requiring two separate procedures in which the hair is prelightened before the depositing color is supplied to the hair |
|
fillers |
used to equalize porosity
|
|
foil technique |
highlighting technique that involves coloring selected strands of hair by slicing or weaving out sections, placing them on foil or plastic wrap, applying lightener or permanent haircolor, and then sealing them in the foil or plastic wrap
|
|
glaze |
a nonammonia color that adds shine and tone to the hair
|
|
hair color |
the natural color of hair
|
|
hair lightening |
aka bleaching or decolorizing, chemical process involving the diffusion of the natural hair color pigment or artificial haircolor from the hair
|
|
haircolor |
professional, salon industry term referring to artificial haircolor products and services
|
|
haircolor glaze |
common way to describe a haircolor service that adds shine and color to the hair
|
|
highlighting |
coloring some of the hair strands lighter than the natural color to add a variety of lighter shades and the illusion of depth
|
|
highlighting shampoo |
color prepared by combing permanent haircolor, hydrogen peroxide, and shampoo
|
|
hydrogen peroxide developer |
oxidizing agent that, when mixed with an oxidation haircolor, supplies the necessary oxygen gas to develop the color molecules and create a change in natural hair color
|
|
intensity |
the strength of a color
|
|
law of color |
system for understanding color relationships
|
|
level |
the unit of measurement used to identify the lightness of darkness of a color
|
|
level system |
system that colorists use to determine the lightness or darkness of a color
|
|
lighteners |
chemical compounds that lighten hair by dispersing, dissolving, and decolorizing the natural hair pigment
|
|
line of demarcation |
visible line separating colored hair from new growth
|
|
metallic haircolors |
aka gradual haircolors, haircolors containing metal salts that change hair color gradually by progressive buildup and exposure to air creating a dull, metallic appearance
|
|
mixed melanin |
combination of natural hair color that contains both pheomelanin and eumelanin
|
|
natural haircolors |
aka vegetable haircolors, colors, such as henna, obtained from the leaves or bark of plants
|
|
new growth |
part of the hair shaft between the scalp and the hair that has been previously colored
|
|
off-the-scalp lighteners |
aka quick lighteners, powdered lighteners that cannot be used directly on the scalp
|
|
on-the-scalp lighteners |
lighteners that can be used directly on the scalp by mixing the lightener with activators |
|
patch test |
aka predisposition test, test required by the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act for identifying a possible allergy in a client |
|
permanent haircolors |
lighten and deposit color at the same time and in a single process because they are more alkaline then no-lift deposit-only colors and are usually mixed with a higher-volume developer
|
|
prelightening |
first step of double-process haircoloring, used to lift or lighten the natural pigment before the application of toner
|
|
presoftening |
process of treating gray or very resistant hair to allow for better penetration of color
|
|
primary colors |
pure or fundamental colors that cannot be created by combining other colors
|
|
resistant |
hair type that is difficult for moisture or chemicals to penetrate, and thus requires a longer processing time |
|
reverse highlighting |
aka lowlighting, technique of coloring strands of hair darker than the natural color
|
|
secondary color |
color obtained by mixing equal parts of two primary colors
|
|
semipermanent haircolor |
no-lift deposit-only nonoxidation haircolor that is not mixed with peroxide and is formulated to last through several shampoos
|
|
single-process haircoloring |
process that lightens and deposits color in the hair in a single application
|
|
slicing |
coloring technique that involves taking a narrow, 1/8th inch section of the hair by making a straight part at the scalp, positioning the hair over the foil, and applying lightener or color
|
|
soap cap |
combination of equal parts of a prepared permanent color mixture and shampoo used the last five minutes and worked through the hair to refresh the ends
|
|
special effects haircoloring |
any technique that involves partial lightening or coloring |
|
strand test |
determines how the hair will react to the color formula and how long the formula should be left on the hair
|
|
temporary haircolor |
nonpermanent color whose large pigment molecules prevent penetration of the cuticle layer, allowing only a coating action that may be removed by shampooing
|
|
tertiary color |
intermediate color achieved by mixing a secondary color and its neighboring primary color on the color wheel in equal amounts
|
|
tone |
aka hue, the balance of color
|
|
toners |
semipermanent, demipermanent, and permanent haircolor products that are used primarily on prelightened hair to achieve pale and delicate colors
|
|
virgin application |
first time the hair is colored
|
|
volume |
measures the concentration and strength of hydrogen peroxide
|
|
weaving |
coloring technique in which selected strands are picked up from a narrow section of hair with a zigzag motion of the comb, and lightener or color applied only to these strands |
|
brazilian bikini waxing |
a waxing technique that requires the removal of all the hair from the front and the back of the bikini area |
|
depilatory |
substance, usually a caustic alkali preparation, used for the temporary removal of superfluous hair by dissolving it at the skin surface level |
|
electrolysis |
removal of hair by means of an electric current that destroys the root of the hair
|
|
epilator |
substance used to remove hair by pulling it out of the follicle
|
|
health screening form |
a questionnaire that discloses all medications, both topical and oral, along with any known skin disorders or allergies that might affect treatment
|
|
hirsuties |
aka hypertrichosis, growth of an unusual amount of hair on parts of the body normally bearing only vellus hair
|
|
hirsutism |
condition pertaining to an excessive growth or cover of hair, especially in women
|
|
laser hair removal |
permanent hair removal treatment in which a laser beam is pulsed on the skin, impairing the hair growth
|
|
photoepilation |
aka intense pulsed light, permanent hair removal treatment that uses intense light to destroy the growth cells of the hair follicles
|
|
sugaring |
temporary hair removal method that involves the use of a thick, sugar-based paste
|
|
threading |
temporary hair removal method that involves twisting and rolling cotton thread along the surface of the skin, entwining the hair in the thread, and lifting it from the follicle
|
|
tweezing |
using tweezers to remove hairs |
|
alipidic |
literally means "lack of lipids" describes skin that does not produce enough sebum, indicated by absence of visible pores |
|
ampoules |
individual doses of serum, sealed in small vials
|
|
aromatherapy |
the therapeutic use of plant aromas for beauty and health treatment
|
|
brushing machine |
rotating electric appliance with interchangeable brushes that can be attached to the rotating head
|
|
chemical exfoliants |
products that contain chemicals that either loosen or dissolve dead cell buildup
|
|
chucking |
massage movement accompanied by grasping the flesh firmly in one hand and moving the hand up and down along the bone while the other hand keeps the arm or leg in a steady position
|
|
clay-based masks |
oil-absorbing cleansing masks that have an exfoliating effect and an astringent effect on oily and combination skin, making large pores temporarily appear smaller
|
|
cleansing milks |
non-foaming lotion cleansers designed to cleanse dry and sensitive skin types and to remove makeup
|
|
contraindication |
condition that requires avoiding certain treatments, procedures, or products to prevent undesirable side effects
|
|
couperose |
distended capillaries caused by weakening of the capillary walls
|
|
cream masks |
masks often containing oils and emollients as well as humectants, have a strong moisturizing effect
|
|
effleurage |
light, continuous stroking movement applied with the fingers or the palms in a slow, rhythmic manner |
|
electrotherapy |
the use of electrical currents to treat the skin
|
|
emollients |
oil or fatty ingredients that prevent moisture from leaving the skin
|
|
enzyme peels |
aka keratolytic enzymes or protein-dissolving agents, a type of chemical exfoliant that works by dissolving keratin protein in the surface cells of the skin
|
|
exofoliants |
products that help bring about exfoliation |
|
exfoliation |
the removal of excess dead cells from the skin surface |
|
foaming cleansers |
cleansers containing surfactants which cause the product to foam and rinse off easily |
|
friction |
deep rubbing movement requiring pressure on the skin with the fingers or palm while moving them over an underlying structure |
|
fulling |
form of petrissage in which the tissue is grasped, gently lifted, and spread out, used mainly for massaging the arms
|
|
gommages |
aka roll-off masks, peeling creams that are rubbed off of the skin
|
|
hacking |
chopping movement performed with the edges of the hands in massage
|
|
humectants |
aka hydrators or water-binding agents, ingredients that attract water
|
|
masks |
aka masques, concentrated treatment products often composed of mineral clays, moisturizing agents, skin softeners, aromatherapy oils, botanical extracts and other beneficial ingredients to cleanse, exfoliate, tighten, tone, hydrate, and nourish the skin
|
|
massages |
manual or mechanical manipulation of the body by rubbing, gently pinching, kneading, tapping, and other movements to increase metabolism and circulation, promote absorption, and relieve pain
|
|
massage creams |
lubricants used to make the skin slippery during massage
|
|
mechanical exfoliants |
methods used to physically remove dead cell buildup
|
|
microdermabrasion |
mechanical exfoliation that involves shooting aluminum oxide or other crystals at the skin with a hand-held device that exfoliates dead cells |
|
microdermabrasion scrubs |
scrubs that contains aluminum oxide crystals
|
|
modelage masks |
facial masks containing special crystals and gypsum, a plaster-like ingredient
|
|
moisturizers |
products that help increase the moisture content of the skin |
|
motor point |
point on the skin over the where pressure or stimulation will cause contraction of that muscle |
|
open comedones |
aka blackheads, follicles impacted with solidified sebum and dead cell buildup
|
|
ostium |
follicle opening
|
|
paraffin wax masks |
specially prepared facial masks containing paraffin and other beneficial ingredients, typically used with treatment cream
|
|
petrissage |
kneading movement performed by lifting, squeezing, and pressing the tissue with a light, firm pressure
|
|
rolling |
massage movement in which the tissues are pressed and twisted using a fast back-and-forth movement
|
|
serums |
concentrated products that generally contain higher concentrations of ingredients designed to penetrate and treat various skin conditions
|
|
steamer |
a facial machine that heats and produces a stream of warm steam that can be focused on the client's face or other areas of skin
|
|
tapotement |
aka percussion, movements consisting of short quick tapping, slapping, and hacking movements
|
|
toners |
aka fresheners or astringents, lotions that help rebalance the pH and remove remnants of cleanser from the skin |
|
treatment cream |
a specialty product designed to facilitate change in the skin's appearance
|
|
vibration |
in massage, the rapid shaking of the body part while the balls of the fingertips are pressed firmly on the point of application |
|
wringing |
vigorous movement in which the hands, placed a little distance apart on both sides of the client's arm or leg, working downward apply a twisting motion against the bones in the opposite direction |
|
band lashes |
aka strip lashes, eyelash hairs on a strip that are applied with adhesive to the natural lash line |
|
cake makeup |
aka pancake makeup, heavy coverage makeup pressed into a compact and applied to the face with a moistened cosmetic sponge
|
|
cheek color |
aka blush or rouge, used primarily to add a natural looking glow to the cheeks
|
|
color primer |
applied to the skin before foundation to cancel out and help disguise skin discoloration
|
|
concealers |
thick, heavy types of foundation used to hide dark eye circles, dark splotches, and other imperfections
|
|
cool colors |
colors that suggest coolness and are dominated by blues, greens, violets, and blue-reds
|
|
eye makeup removers |
special preparations for removing eye makeup |
|
eye shadows |
cosmetics applied on the eyelids to accentuate or contour
|
|
eye tabbing |
procedure in which individual synthetic eyelashes are attached directly to a client's own lashes at their base
|
|
eyebrow pencil |
aka eyebrow shadows, pencils used to add color and shape to the eyebrows
|
|
eyelash adhesive |
product used to make artificial eyelashes adhere to the natural lash line
|
|
eyeliner |
cosmetic used to outline and emphasize the eyes
|
|
face powder |
cosmetic powder, sometimes tinted and scented, that is used to add a matte finish to the face
|
|
foundation |
aka base makeup, a tinted cosmetic used to cover or even out the coloring of the skin
|
|
greasepaint |
heavy makeup used for theatrical purposes |
|
individual lashes |
separate artificial eyelashes that are applied to the eyelids one at a time |
|
line of demarcation |
an obvious line where foundation starts or stops |
|
lip color |
aka lipstick or lip gloss, paste-like cosmetic used to change or enhance the color of the lips |
|
lip liner |
colored pencil used to outline the lips and to help keep lip color from bleeding into the small lines around the mouth |
|
mascara |
cosmetic preparation used to darken, define, and thicken the eyelashes |
|
matte |
nonshiny |
|
warm colors |
range of colors from yellow and gold through oranges, red-oranges, most reds, and even some yellow-greens |
|
dimethyl urea hardeners (DMU) |
hardener that adds cross-links to the natural nail plate, unlike hardeners containing formaldehyde, does not cause adverse skin reactions |
|
disposable implements |
aka single-use implements, implements that cannot be reused and must be thrown away after a single use |
|
essential oils |
oils extracted using various forms of distillation from the seeds, bark, roots, leaves, wood, and/or resin of plants
|
|
fine-grit abrasives |
240 grit and higher abrasives designed for buffing, polishing, and removing very fine scratches
|
|
implements |
tools used to perform nail services. implements can be reusable or disposable
|
|
lower-grit abrasives |
boards and buffers less than 180 grit that quickly reduce the thickness of any surface
|
|
medium-grit abrasives |
180 to 240 grit abrasives that are used to smooth and refine surfaces and shorten natural nails
|
|
metal pusher |
reusable implement, made of stainless steel, if should not be used to push back the eponychium but can be used to gently scrape cuticle tissue from the natural nail plate
|
|
microtrauma |
the act of causing tiny unseen openings in the skin that can allow entry by pathogenic microbes |
|
nail clippers |
reusable implement used to shorten the nail plate quickly and efficiently
|
|
nail creams |
barrier products that contain ingredients designed to seal the surface and hold subdermal moisture in the skin
|
|
nail oils |
products designed to absorb into the nail plate to increase flexibility and into the the surrounding skin to soften
|
|
nipper |
a stainless-steel implement used to carefully trim away dead skin around the nails
|
|
oval nail |
conservative nail shape that is thought to be attractive on most women's hands. it has a similar to a squoval nail with even more rounded corners |
|
paraffin |
a petroleum by-product that has excellent sealing properties to hold moisture in the skin
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pointed nail |
nail shape suited to thin hands with long fingers and narrow nail beds. the nail is tapered and longer than usual to emphasize and enhance the slender appearance of the hand
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protein hardeners |
a combination of clear polish and protein, such as collagen
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reusable implements |
aka multi-use implements, implements that are generally stainless steel because they must be properly cleaned and disinfected between clients |
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round nail |
slightly tapered nail shape, it usually extends just a bit past the fingertip
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scope of practice |
list of services that you are legally allowed to perform in your specialty in your state
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service sets |
sets of all the tools that will be used in a service |
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square nail |
nail shape completely straight across the free edge with no rounding at the outside edges
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squoval nail |
nail shape with a square free edge that is rounded off at the corner edges |
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wooden pusher |
wooden stick used to remove cuticle tissue from the nail plate to clean under the free edge of the nail, or to apply products |
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callus softeners |
products designed to soften and smooth thickened tissue |
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curette |
small, scoop-shaped implement used for more efficient removal of debris from the nail folds
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exfoliating scrubs |
water-based lotions that contain a mild, gritty-like abrasive and moisturizers to help in removing dry, flaky skin and reduce calluses
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foot file |
aka paddle, large abrasive file used to smooth and reduce thicker areas of callus
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foot soaks |
products containing gentle soaps, moisturizers, and other additives that are used in a pedicure bath to cleanse and soften the skin
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nail rasp |
metal implement with a grooved edge that is used for filling and smoothing the edges of the nail plate
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pedicure |
cosmetic service performed on the feet by a licensed cosmetologist or nail technician, can include exfoliating the skin, callus reduction, as well as trimming, shaping, and polishing toenails, often includes foot massage
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reflexology |
unique method of applying pressure with thumb and index fingers to the hands and feet, and it has demonstrated health benefits
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toe separators |
foam rubber or cotton disposable materials used to keep toes apart while polishing the nails, a new set must be used on each client |
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toenail clippers |
professional implements that are larger than fingernail clippers and have a curved or straight jaw, specifically designed for cutting toenails |
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acrylonitrile butadiene styrene |
aka ABS, common thermoplastic used to make light, rigid, molded nail tips |
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cyanoacrylate |
specialized acrylic monomer that has excellent adhesion to the natural nail plate and polymerizes in seconds
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fabric wrap |
nail wrap made of silk, linen, or fiberglass
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fiberglass wraps |
made from a very thin synthetic mesh with a loose weave
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linen wraps |
made from closely woven, heavy material
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maintenance |
term for when a nail enhancement needs to be serviced after two or more weeks from the initial application of the nail enhancement product
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nail dehydrator |
substance used to remove surface moisture and tiny amounts of oil left on the natural nail plate
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nail tip adhesive |
bonding agent used to secure the nail tip to the natural nail
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nail tips |
plastic, pre-molded nails shaped from a tough polymer made from ABS plastic
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nail wrap |
method of securing a layer of fabric or paper on and around the nail tip to ensure its strength and durability
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nail wrap resin |
used to coat and secure fabric wraps to the natural nail and nail tip
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overlay |
layer of any kind of nail enhancement product that is applied over the natural nail or nail and tip application for added strength |
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paper wraps |
temporary nail wraps made of very thin paper |
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position stop |
the point where the free edge of the natural nail meets the tip
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repair patch |
piece of fabric cut to completely cover a crack or break in the nail
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silk wraps |
made from a thin natural material with a tight weave that becomes transparent when wrap resin is applied
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stress strip |
strip of fabric cut to 1/8th inch in length and applied to the weak point of the nail during the four week fabric wrap maintenance to repair or strengthen a weak point in a nail enhancement
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tip cutter |
implement similar to a nail clipper, designed especially for use on nail tips
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wrap resin accelerator |
aka activator, acts as the dryer that speeds up the hardening process of the wrap resin or adhesive overlay |
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apex |
aka arch, the area of the nail that has all of the strength |
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chain reaction |
aka polymerization reaction, process that joins together monomers to create very long polymer chains
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initiators |
substance that starts the chain reaction that leads to the creation of very long polymer chains
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monomer |
one unit called a molecule |
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monomer liquid |
chemical liquid mixed with polymer powder to form the sculptured nail enhancement
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monomer liquid and polymer powder nail enhancements
|
enhancements created by combining monomer liquid and polymer powder
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nail extension underside |
the actual underside of the nail extension
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odorless monomer liquid and polymer powder products |
nail enhancement products that have little odor
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polymer |
substance formed by combining many small molecules into very long chain-like structures
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polymerization |
aka curing or hardening, chemical reaction that creates polymers
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polymer powder |
powder in white, clear, pink, and many other colors that is combined with monomer liquid to form the nail enhancement |
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stress area |
where the natural nail grows beyond the finger and becomes the free edge |
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cure |
to harden |
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hard UV gels |
aka traditional UV gels, gels that cannot be removed with a solvent and must be filed off the natural nail
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inhibition layer |
the tacky surface left on the nail after a UV gel has cured
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oligomer |
short chain of monomer liquids that is often thick, sticky, and gel-like and that is not long enough to be considered a polymer
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one-color method |
when one color of gel, usually clear, is applied over the entire surface of the nail |
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opacity |
amount of colored pigment concentration in a gel, making it more or less difficult to see through
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photoinitiator |
chemical that initiates the polymerization reaction
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pigmented UV gels |
any building or self-leveling gel that includes color pigment
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soft UV gels |
aka soakable gels, these gels are removed by soaking in acetone
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two-color method |
method whereby two colors of resin are used to overlay the nail
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unit wattage |
measure of how much electricity the lamp consumes |
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deductive reasoning |
process of reaching logical conclusions by employing logical reasoning |
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employment portfolio |
a collection, usually bound, of photos and documents that reflect your skills, accomplishments, and abilities in your chosen career field |
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resume |
written summary of a person's education and work experience |
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stem |
the basic question or problem |
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test-wise |
understanding the strategies for successful test taking |
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transferable skills |
skills mastered at other jobs that can be put to use in a new position |
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work ethic |
taking pride in your work and committing yourself to consistently doing a good job for your clients, employer, and salon team |
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client base |
customers who are loyal to a particular cosmetologist |
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commission |
a percentage of the revenue that the salon takes in from services performed by a particular cosmetologist, usually offered to that cosmetologist once the individual has built up a loyal clientele |
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job description |
document that outlines all the duties and responsibilities of a particular position in a salon or spa |
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retailing |
act of recommending and selling products to your clients for at-home use |
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ticket upgrading |
aka upselling services, the practice of recommending and selling additional services to your clients |
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booth rental |
aka chair rental, renting a booth or station in a salon |
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business plan |
written description of your business as you see it today, and as you foresee it in the next five years
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business regulations and laws |
any local, state, and federal regulations and laws that you must comply with when you decide to open your salon or rent a booth |
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capital |
money needed to invest in a business
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consumption supplies |
supplies used in the daily business operation
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corporation |
an ownership structure controlled by one or more stockholders |
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demographics |
information about a specific population including data on race, age, income, and educational attainment
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goals |
set of benchmarks that, once achieved, help you to realize your mission and your vision
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insurance |
guarantees protection against financial loss from malpractice, property liability, fire, burglary and theft, and business interruption
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partnership |
business structure in which two or more people share ownership, although not necessarily equally |
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personnel |
your staff or employees |
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green |
if red is present, what will counteract that |
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purple |
if yellow is present, what will counteract that |
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blue |
if orange is present, what will counteract that |
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orange |
what takes away a blue tone |
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yellow |
what takes away a purple tone |
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red |
what takes away a green tone |
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red, yellow, blue |
what are the 3 primary colors |
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orange, green, purple |
what are the 3 secondary colors |
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red-orange, yellow-orange, yellow-green, blue-green, blue-violet, red-violet |
what are the 6 tertiary colors |
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20v |
if someone is a level 3 and wants to be a level 5, what volume developer do you need |
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40v
|
if someone is a level 6 and wants to be a level 10, what volume developer do you need |
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30v
|
if someone is a level 3 and wants to be a level 6, what volume developer do you need |
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10v
|
if someone is a level 6 and wants to be a level 7, what volume developer do you need |
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10v
|
if someone is a level 4 and wants to be a level 2, what volume developer do you need |
|
10v
|
if someone is a level 3 and wants to be a level 3, what volume developer do you need |
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no, not for 3 days |
can you shampoo immediately after a perm |
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no, never |
should you do a service against what the manufacturer instructions say |
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oval |
what face shape is considered ideal for any hairstyle |
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round |
what face shape benefits from minimal volume at the sides and maximum volume on top |
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square |
what face shape benefits from soft waves and a subtle bang with medium length hair |
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triangle |
what face shape benefits from volume at the top half of the head |
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oblong |
adding volume to the temple and side areas of this face shape are most flattering |
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diamond |
volume near the chin area is best for this face shape |
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inverted triangle |
curling the lower half of a longer hairstyle would look best with this face shape |
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45 degrees |
what angle do you cut a standard bob |
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180 degrees |
what angle do you cut a standard long layered haircut |
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90 degrees |
what angle do you cut a standard uniform layered haircut |
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0 degrees |
what angle do you cut someone's hair if they don't want any layers |
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they are both in your prominent cutting hand (ex: if you cut the hair with your right hand, then while you're combing through the hair, you have your shears grasped in your right hand and the comb on top in your right hand) |
during a haircut, if you're combing through the hair, what hand is the comb in and what hand are the shears in |
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around the hairline |
where does the cotton go during a perm service |
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anytime its fully saturated |
when should you change the cotton during a perm service |
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no |
can you use a relaxer after a perm has been done |
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no |
can you use a perm after a relaxer has been done |
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no, not always |
do you always use a lightener if someone wants to go lighter |
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no, not usually a safe route |
can you always go from very dark to very light in one salon visit |
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no, never guarantee that. there are many factors that may interfere with making a salon service exactly like a picture in one salon visit. today, even photo editing and filters make it near impossible to make someone look 100% like a picture. say things like "we'll get it as close as possible" |
can you guarantee a service look exactly like a picture |
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typically, it pulls orange |
what color normally (but not always) shows through when lightening dark hair |
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patch test |
what should you make a client come in and do 24+ hours ahead of time when using a new chemical on them on their next visit |
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strand test |
what should you do prior to every chemical service before you even put them in the bowl |
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client consultation |
what should you do prior to every service (chemical or otherwise) before you've even caped them |
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abrasions, contagions, fungi |
what do you check for on the scalp before beginning services |
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every two years on october 31st |
when do you have to renew your florida cosmetology license? |
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16 hours |
how many hours of continuing education does the board of cosmetology require a cosmetologist to complete before renewal |
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wet disinfection container
|
tub or jar with a lid, filled with disinfectant and large enough for all items to be completely immersed
|
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infection control
|
means the process for reducing the risk of spreading disease causing pathogens
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75% |
what is the minimum passing score on your florida written and clinical cosmetology exams |