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54 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
definition of Matter
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anything that has mass or occupies space
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5 areas of Chemistry
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Biochemistry
Organic Inorganic Analytical Physical |
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definition of Biochemistry
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process that takes place in organisms
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def of Organic
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living things that contain carbon
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def of Inorganic
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nonliving things that don’t contain carbon
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def of Analytical
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analyzing composition of matter
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def of Physical
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rate of which something happens/process
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def of Pure chemistry
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pursuit of chemical knowledge
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def of Applied chemistry
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research directed for practical goal
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def of Extensive properties
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depends on amount of matter that is present (quantity)
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examples of Extensive properties
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Mass, volume, energy
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def of Intensive properties
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does not depend on the amount of matter present (quality);
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examples of Intensive properties
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Density, melting point, boiling point
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def of physical properties
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substance where the quality changes but doesn’t change with another substance
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def of Chemical properties
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shows when a substance changes into or interacts with another substance
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def of Substance
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type of matter that has a defined fixed composition
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How to tell when chemical change occurs
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-gas being formed
-changing appearance -changes into solid/precipitate |
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def of Mixture
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-combination of different substances
-can physically separate it -ex. Air, Foods |
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def of Compound
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can’t physically separate it
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def of Heterogeneous mixture:
and examples |
-one or more visible boundaries between the compounds
-ex: bowl of apples and pears, or sand in water |
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def of Homogeneous mixture
and examples |
-has no visible boundaries, component are mixed individual atoms, ions and molecules
-ex. Salt water and air (can’t physically separate it) |
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def of Pure substances
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-can’t be decomposed by chemical means like elements- gold aluminum
-can be like compounds |
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5 Basic separation techniques
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Fltration
Crystalization Distillation Extraction Chromatology |
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def of Filtration
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-separates components of a mixture based upon differences in particle size.
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def of Crystallization
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-separation based on differences in solubility (able to mix) of components in a mixture
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def of Distillation
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-separation based up on differences in volatility (evaporate)
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def of Extraction
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-separation is based upon differences in solubility in different solvents (major material)
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def of Chromatography
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-separation based upon differences in solubility in a solvent versus a stationary phase
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def of Element
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-simplest form of matter (oxygen or hydrogen);
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def of Compounds
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-substance that contains two or more elements chemically combined; has a fixed proportion
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def of Physical methods
and examples |
-can’t break compounds
-ex. boil water doesn’t make oxygen and hydrogen |
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things that make a chemical change
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-Burn, rot, rust, decompose, ferment, explode, or corrode means a chemical change
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-substance present is the...
-substance produced is the... |
-reactant
-product |
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Chemical change involves...
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transfer of energy
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def or Law of conservation of mass
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-physical/chemical change mass conserves
-not created nor destroyed |
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the def of Atom
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-the smallest unit of an element, building blocks of matter
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the def of Element
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-pure substance made up of one kind of atom
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the def of Compound
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-substance that is made from the two or more elements that are chemically bounded
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Phlogiston Theory is...
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-Combustible materials contained phlogiston- released when burning
-air attracted phlogiston, burning stopped when air became “saturated” -had negative mass |
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Antoine Lavoisier found out...
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-proved oxygen in air necessary for burning
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def of Measurement
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-quantitative observation consisting of number and a unit
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def of Uncertainty measurement
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-a digit that must be estimated is the uncertain digit
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def of Precision
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-refers to degree of agreement over several measurements made in same manner
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def of Accuracy
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-agreement of a particular value with the true value
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def of Random error
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-the numbers have no pattern
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def of Systematic error
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numbers are in a pattern
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When there’s a decimal and sig figs
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-start counting sig figs after zeros after the decimal
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sig figs and exact numbers
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Exact numbers have infinite number of sig figs
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When there isn’t a decimal present and sig figs
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-don’t count ending zeros
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sig figs in Multiplying or Dividing
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-number of sig figs in answer = least number of sig figs in calculations
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sig figs in Adding or Subtracting
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-number of decimal places in result= places in least precise measurement
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International System of Units of
Length Mass Temp Time Amt. Sub Electric current |
-meter
-kilogram -kelvin -second -mole -ampere |
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--Metric prefixes-
kilo deci centi milli |
-1000 times larger (k)
-10 times smaller (d) -100 times smaller (c) -1000 times smaller (m) |
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Kelvin is
conversion |
the absolute temperature scale begins at absolute Zero; only has pos. values
-K= celcius + 273.15 |