The advantages that Hathaway and Mckinley found are two-fold; firstly, the base elements implemented in the composition of the MMPI of which, makes it incredibly problematic for subjects to refute problems or to give off ambiguous impressions; secondly, the Minnesota Multiphasic is based on empirical research and not simply, solely upon a clinician's, "often", naive assumptions, as they are often incorrect due to frail human …show more content…
while, the previous MMPI-2 contained 567 test questions and had a completion time of around 60 to 90 minutes; the latest revised form, the MMPI-2-RF, contains only 338 items and takes between 30 to 50 minutes to complete and is to be dispensed, scored, and deciphered by those of whom have received specific training within the application of the MMPI, preferably, by a clinical psychologist or psychiatrist and is meant as a collaborative implement to be utilized alongside other assessment tools and should not be thought of as a sole means of diagnosis. Ranging from 30 to 120, with the normal range between 50 and 65, MMPI-2 scores are converted into what are called "T" scores, where anything above or below 50 and 65 are viewed as clinically significant and often warrant the interpretation of a trained psychologist. The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory can either be administered in groups or individually and is designed for individuals aged 18 and above; but, another version of the test, the MMPI-A, has been exclusively designed for use by teenagers, and while the MMPI can be scored either by hand or computer, the results should always be left to the interpretation of mental health professionals; given, of course, their extensive training in the interpretation of the MMPI. As a protected psychological instrument, the MMPI can