Vaccination or immunization is one of the cornerstones of risk reduction and public health response in regards to contagious disease. Since the initial smallpox variolation by Dr. Edward Jenner in 1796, the science of vaccination against pathogens has expanded to include a multitude of endemic diseases including measles, influenza, polio, diphtheria, and smallpox as well as more specialized health concerns (often bioterrorism) such as anthrax and typhoid fever. Further, immunization science has also allowed researchers to deal with and study various deadly strains without undue danger to the researcher. Vaccines are cost effective, simple, and can be applied in a diverse set of situations and environments. There is a cross section of
