What is epistemology? In laymen’s terms, it is the study of knowledge and if its formal definition is given, according to Oxford dictionary, it is the study of knowledge, in regards to its method, validity, and scope. It is the investigation of what distinguishes justified beliefs and pure opinion (“Epistemology”). What does it really mean outside of its textbook meaning? Carl Sagan helps readers understand it in his book, The Demon-Haunted World: Science as a Candle in the Dark, through one of the best representations of the study of knowledge: science. As Sagan puts it, “Science is a way to call the bluff of those who only pretend to knowledge. It is a bulwark against mysticism, against superstition, against religion misapplied to where
