The scenario that has been chosen here is scenario 1, Anne Baptiste with type 2 diabetes. For type 2 diabetes the pancreas produces insulin, but the body’s insulin receptors cannot respond accordingly, therefore blood glucose levels remain high after food as glucose in unable to enter most tissue cells. The signs and symptoms that people with type 2 diabetes could experience could include yeast infections, lower extremity paresthesias, polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, blurred vision, fatigue, dizziness and nausea. The conditions I will be concentrating on here will be polyuria, polydipsia and polyphagia.
Polyuria, Polydipsia and Polyphagia
When there is too much glucose in the blood, it then leads to excessive glucose in the kidneys, this then exceeds the kidneys ability to absorb it, called diabetic ketoacidosis (Brooker). This then acts as an osmotic diuretic and …show more content…
These cells are thought to have a role both in controlling blood flow through the retinal vessels and in maintaining the stability of these small conduits. Risk factors include the length of time a person has had diabetes, suboptimal glycaemic control, hypertension, nephropathy and minority ethnic groups, Anne Baptiste would fall into at least this category. Retinopathy can take two forms.
Background Retinopathy
This will rarely cause a threat to the vision unless the manula is affected. In the early stages of retinopathy, the capillaries of the retina become more permeable. This can cause fluid exudation (hard exudates) into the retina, these appear as small well defined yellowish white patches. Micro aneurysms can develop, which can rupture causing small bleeds. Arterial occlusions due to poor oxygenation of the nerve fibres by the retinal capillaries (Morrison) cause retinal infarcts ‘cotton wool spots’ on the retina. Thickening of the basement membranes of the retinal capillaries can also occur.
Proliferative
Polyuria, Polydipsia and Polyphagia
When there is too much glucose in the blood, it then leads to excessive glucose in the kidneys, this then exceeds the kidneys ability to absorb it, called diabetic ketoacidosis (Brooker). This then acts as an osmotic diuretic and …show more content…
These cells are thought to have a role both in controlling blood flow through the retinal vessels and in maintaining the stability of these small conduits. Risk factors include the length of time a person has had diabetes, suboptimal glycaemic control, hypertension, nephropathy and minority ethnic groups, Anne Baptiste would fall into at least this category. Retinopathy can take two forms.
Background Retinopathy
This will rarely cause a threat to the vision unless the manula is affected. In the early stages of retinopathy, the capillaries of the retina become more permeable. This can cause fluid exudation (hard exudates) into the retina, these appear as small well defined yellowish white patches. Micro aneurysms can develop, which can rupture causing small bleeds. Arterial occlusions due to poor oxygenation of the nerve fibres by the retinal capillaries (Morrison) cause retinal infarcts ‘cotton wool spots’ on the retina. Thickening of the basement membranes of the retinal capillaries can also occur.
Proliferative