In 1990, the federal government enacted the Americans with Disabilities Act statute requiring prison facilities to provide accessible and usable by persons with disabilities. The Standards of the American Correctional Association (ACA) published operational standards designed to enhance correctional practices for the benefit inmates, staff, administrators, and the public. ACA standards provide a guide in operating jails and prisons effectively as self-contained communities in which all necessary goods and services are provided in a safe, secure, and controlled manner. Last but not least is The Center for Prisoner Health and Human Rights striving to improve the health and human rights of criminal justice populations by effectively address the dimensions of public health and human rights crisis of the prison population into law, policies, and practices. One of their goals is to advance the continuum of health care for prisoners from admission through their release into the…
The early 1980's was one of the biggest, most infectious crisis that terrorized urban inner-city communities all over America. The American crack epidemic or " Crack Era", as it is known by swept through predominately poor, African American neighborhoods resulting in a number of drug affiliated arrest. The U.S government launched a highly advertised and publicized project they named "War on Drugs", which was originally set in place to prohibit the abuse and selling of illegal drugs in American communities. Since the "War on Drugs" campaign commenced, inner-city communities have been affected by the extreme elevation in arrest rates that has negatively and disproportionately targeted African American men making them only 13% of the U.S population but 37% of the prison population. African American men from poor, inner-city neighborhoods between the ages of 26-41 whom may or may not have committed a drug offended crime are more likely to be arrested, convicted, and are forced to serve longer prison sentences.…
The significance of MRSA infections within correctional facilities is exposure to the general public. According to Malcolm (2011), each year nearly 600,000 state prison inmates are released into to the community annually. Specifically, Malcolm (2011) has reported MRSA, as an outbreak is prisons located in California, Georgia, Illinois, Texas, and Mississippi. It is important to note that the outbreaks not only suggested an extremely high prevalence of MRSA in correctional populations with in the past years, but also an increase in past decades. During incarceration, inmates who acquire this infection may come into contact with individuals of the general public, who then become infected.…
Prisons could actually be bad for mentally ill offenders. There are factors in prisons that can have a negative effect on mental health, including: overcrowding, various forms of violence, enforced solitude, lack of privacy, lack of activity, and inadequate mental health services. There is a concern regarding increased suicide risks in prisons that are exacerbated by the contributing factors listed above. Unfortunately, prisons are at times a dumping ground for mentally ill people. This is due to the lack of mental health services and often times linked to substance abuse disorders.…
Of course, this astronomical spike in prison populations across the US did not come without a laundry list of implications. Among the most notable, the real problem amongst prison populations and their racial makeup. Critics of the “War on Drugs” staunchly protested the increasingly apparent racial disparities as these in fact were the groups so greatly affected by the agenda. For example, throughout the same time frame, African American women had experienced significant effects of the new legislation given that their number of incarcerated for drug offenses increased by 828 percent—which consequently was double the increase compared to African American men and triple the increase among white females (Hutton, 19). Although remanence of protest pulsated across the US in waves of calls of injustice, the legislation remained widely popular among the majority of…
The United States incarcerates more of its citizens than any other nation in the world. In 1972, jail and prison populations were less than 200,000 increasing to 2.2 million today which has led to prison overcrowding and has substantial strains on state budgets across the country. Mass incarceration came after a series of law enforcement and sentencing policy changes on the “tough of crime” era and the official beginning of the War on Drugs. Today, there are more people behind bars for a drug offense than the number of people who were in prison or jail for any crime in…
1. Prime Minister Justin Trudeau said Canada will donate $785 million towards fighting tuberculosis, malaria and AIDS international from 2017-2019 2. That means that 20 percent increase from last year international fund donation. And it donation increases by $4 billon every year since the year 2002.…
It is interesting we are discussing Tuberculosis (TB) since I work in a building which used to be an "Isolation Hospital" in the Hartford area. The morgue is less than a mile away, the tunnels running under my building were used to transport the infected dead to the crematorium. TB in residential facilities is very serious, part of the protocol before admission it to have had a TB test results along with your paperwork. Staff are to be tested for TB every year (for me this is a pain literally because I don't like needles). This is how seriously TB is for facilities that house people, particularly those with addictions.…
Involvement of multiple organs and especially the reticuloendothelial system can also produce a clinical presentation similar to disseminated tuberculosis; thus cases of HLH secondary to tuberculosis can easily be missed if the entire illness is attributed to tuberculosis alone. Although unusual, secondary HLH should be ruled out in patients with disseminated tuberculosis, especially in the presence of…
The podcast I chose to write about addressed the problem of tuberculosis in Russia. Tuberculosis is an extremely contatious disease for it is an airborne disease. This disease can spread rapidly in populated areas where people come in contact with each other easily. It can spread by simply breathing air around infected people. The containment of this disease is extremely important for it make it difficult for people to breath.…
What is Tuberculosis? Tuberculosis, otherwise known as TB, is a bacterial infection that is often centered in the lungs but can spread to any part of the body through lymph nodes and bloodstream. It sparks from the transfer of droplets of microscopic bacteria in the air from one individual to another. What Systems the Disease Affects? Tuberculosis mainly affects the respiratory system in the lungs and is commonly known as pulmonary tuberculosis.…
In the United States, prison overcrowding has reached a crisis level as it becomes ubiquitous and continues to show no sign of abating within the foreseeable future. Courts in the country continue to sentence criminal offenders to serve various prison terms and fail to utilize various sentencing alternatives thus sustaining the problem. The problem has escalated in the last thirty years thus turning into a crisis. Between 1970 and 2005 for example, the inmate population in the country grew by 700% and has continued on an…
Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) is a bacterial disease that is one of the leading causes of death in the world, especially in developing countries (World Health Organisation, 2018). More than 2.4 billion people in the world are affected by the TB bacteria, with 1.8 million deaths each year (Government of Canada, 2017). Tuberculosis has impacted many nations due to its highly contagious behaviour and the lack of access to healthcare to many of the people affected by this disease. This report will discuss and examine application and limitation of the social impacts, a key concept of Science as a Human Endeavour, in relation to tuberculosis.…
In modern day society, Tuberculosis is presumed to not be the devastating pathogen it once was. However, being a disease from mainly Mycobacterium bacteria, tuberculosis is the second most killing disease in the world from a single infectious agent despite being curable (McNamee, 2014). Evidently, a report in 2013 shows 9 million people who have developed TB, with 1.5 million of this population dying from it (McNamee, 2014). Despite great efforts to control the spread of TB, it is still has the same impact on the world via social justice issues, antibiotic resistance, and human activities, which help it grow.…
Epidemiology of Tuberculosis Student's Name Institution Affiliation Course Tuberculosis Causes: Tuberculosis (TB) is a caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a bacteria that is spread through the air. TB affects the breathing system (lungs). When an infected person emits air droplets, for example, through coughing or sneezing, the bacteria are transmitted into the air that affects anyone who breathes that air. According to Wouk, there are two types of TB, Latent and Active Tuberculosis. In latent TB, there are no symptoms.…