Presenting Problems As noted in the case study, Emma was referred to the Family Services Agency by her pediatrician for further assessments of behavioral problems after a recent well …show more content…
Emma was born full term and met all of her early developmental milestones, however, is now presenting with “baby like” behaviors which could be associated with regression (Stirling, & Amaya-Jackson, 2008). When regression is prevalent following cases of traumatic events as with Emma, it is often regarded as a defense mechanism or indication of a psychological dysfunction (Hodges, Godbout, Lanktree, & Kletzka, 2013). Also, when addressing Emma’s oppositional behaviors from a psychological stand point the social withdrawal while in school may also be suggestive of posttraumatic stress (Stirling, & Amaya-Jackson, 2008). Other concerns for Emma would relate to the probability of developing a wider range of psychological symptoms such as depression, anxiety, and dissociation later in her life (Hodges, Godbout, Lanktree, & Kletzka, 2013). In Emma’s case, immediate attention to health strategies and interventions will likely assist in enabling Emma to achieve coping skills that will decrease the excessive stress responses ultimately resulting in resuming a typical developmental trajectory (Stirling, & Amaya-Jackson, …show more content…
In this theory, holon describes how each system is simultaneously is individualistic in that it has its own unique qualities while being a part of larger systems and having smaller systems within itself (Robbins, Chatterjee, & Canda, 2012). Concepts in the systems theory that depict the interrelatedness of the individual systems are the focal system, subsystems, and suprasystems (Robbins, Chatterjee, & Canda, 2012). The focal system is the individual system that is the primary focus of attention (Robbins, Chatterjee, & Canda, 2012). In this case study Emma is the focal system (Robbins, Chatterjee, & Canda, 2012). The subsystems are internal factors relating to the focal system which would include Emma’s biological, emotional, cognitive, and spiritual systems (). The suprasytems are external systems or environments such as Emma’s family, school, pediatrician, social worker, and even her sexual abuser