In the first article, The Relation Between Insecure Attachment and Post traumatic Stress: Early Life Versus Adulthood Traumas (Ogle & Rubin, 2015), probability sampling was used, with a population pool drawn from the “13th Wave” of the University of North Carolina Alumni (1964 - 1966) Heart Study, an ongoing longitudinal study of University of North Carolina students and their spouses (Sieger et al, 1992) including a total of 1598 participants. A convenience sampling of USC alumni would complete a Traumatic Life Events Questionnaire, PTSD Checklist, NEO Personality Inventory, the Centrality of Event Scale, and rate their current social support level to help measure these stresses later in life (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3944195/#R35).The goal of the study was to examine insecure attachment and PTSD relations among older adults with traumatic histories, and compare the data between early childhood vs. adulthood (Ogle & Rubin, 2015). However the study participants are local and not reflective of the general population (Ogle & Rubin, 2015). Therefore, the sampling methods are inadequate for reliably evaluating the causality between insecure attachment and PTSD. Ethical issues include moderate risk from emotional distress over the study’s sensitive nature, prompting a need for harm reduction when debriefing.
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Concerns also arise from the study’s lack of initial disclosure to participants by adding the psychological questions and factors of PTSD and Attachment Disorder to “Wave 13”, as research was originally designed to look at personality as a predictor of coronary heart disease only (Ogle & Rubin, 2015). Updated consent forms would be required. Possible artifacts arise due to limited homogenous, high-risk representation from UNC’s predominantly caucasian (99.25%), and male (61.45%) population at the time (Ogle & Rubin, 2015). The second article, The Reflective Functioning Moderates the Association Between Perceptions of Parental Neglect and Attachment in Adolescence (Boreli, Snavely, Compare, Decio, 2014), the study uses probability sampling from a cluster of students attending five high schools in the area. …show more content…
There were a total of 84 participants, children from ages 12 - 16 eligible for study which evaluated whether Reflective Functioning moderates the link between early neglect from primary caregivers to adolescent insecure attachment, intending for a working model of attachment and metallization during adolescence (Boreli, Snavely, Compare, Decio, 2014). Although the study used robust sampling methods, it used a low-risk Italian sample population (Boreli, Snavely, Compare, Decio, 2014) which limits broader application. Therefore it only allowed for investigation on the link between neglect and attachment security, and could not confirm causation.
The Research Ethics Board approved the study and researchers used "binary logistic regression" when studying whether Reflective Functioning Coding moderated the association states of neglect and attachment. This allowed for a secure/insecure dichotomy to be used as the dependent variable, and no known artifacts are found (Boreli, Snavely, Compare, Decio, 2014). The third article, Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy: The Effect of Childhood Emotional Maltreatment on Romantic Relationships in Young Adulthood: A Double Mediation Model Involving Self-Criticism and Attachment, (Lassri, Luyten, Cohen, & Shanar, 2016) used a nonprobability convenience sampling model from 108 undergraduate students enrolled in an introductory psychology course. Students enrolled in the study through notice boards and advertisements around campus, and were given credit for participation in the study (Lassri, Luyten, Cohen, & Shanar, 2016). The goal of the study was to accurately explore the impact of CEM (Childhood Emotional Maltreatment) on adult
Concerns also arise from the study’s lack of initial disclosure to participants by adding the psychological questions and factors of PTSD and Attachment Disorder to “Wave 13”, as research was originally designed to look at personality as a predictor of coronary heart disease only (Ogle & Rubin, 2015). Updated consent forms would be required. Possible artifacts arise due to limited homogenous, high-risk representation from UNC’s predominantly caucasian (99.25%), and male (61.45%) population at the time (Ogle & Rubin, 2015). The second article, The Reflective Functioning Moderates the Association Between Perceptions of Parental Neglect and Attachment in Adolescence (Boreli, Snavely, Compare, Decio, 2014), the study uses probability sampling from a cluster of students attending five high schools in the area. …show more content…
There were a total of 84 participants, children from ages 12 - 16 eligible for study which evaluated whether Reflective Functioning moderates the link between early neglect from primary caregivers to adolescent insecure attachment, intending for a working model of attachment and metallization during adolescence (Boreli, Snavely, Compare, Decio, 2014). Although the study used robust sampling methods, it used a low-risk Italian sample population (Boreli, Snavely, Compare, Decio, 2014) which limits broader application. Therefore it only allowed for investigation on the link between neglect and attachment security, and could not confirm causation.
The Research Ethics Board approved the study and researchers used "binary logistic regression" when studying whether Reflective Functioning Coding moderated the association states of neglect and attachment. This allowed for a secure/insecure dichotomy to be used as the dependent variable, and no known artifacts are found (Boreli, Snavely, Compare, Decio, 2014). The third article, Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy: The Effect of Childhood Emotional Maltreatment on Romantic Relationships in Young Adulthood: A Double Mediation Model Involving Self-Criticism and Attachment, (Lassri, Luyten, Cohen, & Shanar, 2016) used a nonprobability convenience sampling model from 108 undergraduate students enrolled in an introductory psychology course. Students enrolled in the study through notice boards and advertisements around campus, and were given credit for participation in the study (Lassri, Luyten, Cohen, & Shanar, 2016). The goal of the study was to accurately explore the impact of CEM (Childhood Emotional Maltreatment) on adult