Apoptosis or as known as programmed cell death is a sequence of events which will causes DNA fragmentation and eventually causing cell death. Base on the classical cell death, a particular morphological and biochemical characteristic can be used to define which distinguish it from other forms of cell death. One of the hall mark of apoptosis is DNA fragmentation. A DNA ladder was prepared by using endonuclease to cleave the DNA from a dying cells and fragments the chromatin into nucleosome units. This will be the DNA ladder which run on agarose gel. A commonly use method to analyse fragmented nuclei in cells which is gel electrophoresis. In this experiment, a cell that exhibits different DNA fragmentation can provide sufficient amount of information
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Apoptosis is regulated by caspase, a proteolytic enzyme that exits in all cells and cleavage of other caspase. Apoptosis is also a form of programmed cell death which will be characterized by cytoplasmic condensation and nuclear pycnosis. This will lead to nuclear DNA to be breakdown into multiples of fragments of around 200bp oligonucleosomal size fragments. In this experiement, the technique used to detect apoptosis is by gel electrophoresis. In this technique it involves the extraction of nuclear DNA and classify by oligonucleosomal ladders. Furthermore, this technique is time consuming but the result given is more to qualitative rather than quantitative results. Furthermore, apoptosis is considered as an active regulatory cellular response to particular stimuli. For example, serum deprivation which is the loss of trophic factor support or cells being expose to harmful chemical agents. The consequences which is stereotyped cell death and the formation of apoptotic bodies. The other hallmark for apoptosis which is cleaving of chromatin into different length of small fragments which can be seen under electrophoresed gels which known as DNA …show more content…
In the process of apoptosis, CAD will then cleave the DNA at its internucleosomal linker sites which located between nucleosomes which occur in chromatin at a 180bp range. This causes by the DNA which wrapped by histones closely. Histones is also the core proteins of the nucleosomes. The reason behind this cleaving at linker sites is because linker sites are the only sites of DNA which is exposed hence accessible to CAD. Furthermore, the process of degradation of nuclear DNA into nucleosomal units is one of the process in apoptotic cell death. With the molecular chacracteristic, it will specifically identified DNase that cleaves chromosomal DNA in a caspase-dependent mannaer. In contrast, the CAD is synthesized by the help of ICAD which is one of the inhibitor of CAD while it act as a specific chaperone for CAD. When cells are undergo apoptosis, caspase 3 will cleaves the ICAD to separate the CAD. This is lead to CAS to cleave chromosomal DNA. Despite degradation of nuclear DNA into nucleosomal units, DNA fragmentation is a secondary consequence of apoptosis. In this process, the endonuclease which involve might be similar to the DNase 1 which indicate the DNA fragmentation occur after the release of enzymes from
Apoptosis is regulated by caspase, a proteolytic enzyme that exits in all cells and cleavage of other caspase. Apoptosis is also a form of programmed cell death which will be characterized by cytoplasmic condensation and nuclear pycnosis. This will lead to nuclear DNA to be breakdown into multiples of fragments of around 200bp oligonucleosomal size fragments. In this experiement, the technique used to detect apoptosis is by gel electrophoresis. In this technique it involves the extraction of nuclear DNA and classify by oligonucleosomal ladders. Furthermore, this technique is time consuming but the result given is more to qualitative rather than quantitative results. Furthermore, apoptosis is considered as an active regulatory cellular response to particular stimuli. For example, serum deprivation which is the loss of trophic factor support or cells being expose to harmful chemical agents. The consequences which is stereotyped cell death and the formation of apoptotic bodies. The other hallmark for apoptosis which is cleaving of chromatin into different length of small fragments which can be seen under electrophoresed gels which known as DNA …show more content…
In the process of apoptosis, CAD will then cleave the DNA at its internucleosomal linker sites which located between nucleosomes which occur in chromatin at a 180bp range. This causes by the DNA which wrapped by histones closely. Histones is also the core proteins of the nucleosomes. The reason behind this cleaving at linker sites is because linker sites are the only sites of DNA which is exposed hence accessible to CAD. Furthermore, the process of degradation of nuclear DNA into nucleosomal units is one of the process in apoptotic cell death. With the molecular chacracteristic, it will specifically identified DNase that cleaves chromosomal DNA in a caspase-dependent mannaer. In contrast, the CAD is synthesized by the help of ICAD which is one of the inhibitor of CAD while it act as a specific chaperone for CAD. When cells are undergo apoptosis, caspase 3 will cleaves the ICAD to separate the CAD. This is lead to CAS to cleave chromosomal DNA. Despite degradation of nuclear DNA into nucleosomal units, DNA fragmentation is a secondary consequence of apoptosis. In this process, the endonuclease which involve might be similar to the DNase 1 which indicate the DNA fragmentation occur after the release of enzymes from