Before Leopold’s ethic thinking there was
Before Leopold’s ethic thinking there was
n this chapter, Oelschlaeger discusses John Muir and his many theories. The author contends that Muir is the father of the American conservation movement. Muir’s work was heavily based on a biocentrism and nature-as-an-organism. Muir’s animistic concepts in his later works are similar to Paleolithic ideas discussed previously in Oelschlaeger’s The Idea of Wilderness.…
Restoration of natural places and respectful stewardship of nature is the only solution to the environmental problems we are…
Nick Waggnor once said, “The idea of the wild is when one can actually walk through a landscape without roads, where the sky is not scraped by airplanes but by raptors. A place where the trails are delineated by the footsteps of wildlife. A place where wolf and grizzly bear still exist. The wild is a place where one can be raw to the forces of nature.” Deep in Western Canada’s Purcell Mountains there is a fight between two contradictory world views regarding what to do with wild lands.…
Finally, environmentalist Aldo Leopold describes wilderness as a way when “We all strive for safety, prosperity, comfort, long life, and dullness”…
The reading for this week comes from William Cronon’s book Uncommon Ground. Throughout the passage, Cronon argues that our modern view of wilderness is paradoxically flawed, but due to the historical effects of the sublime and the frontier that emerged at the end of the 19th century, the adoration of wilderness has become ingrained in our culture. These ideologies have imprinted man-made moral values and cultural symbols on wilderness. Cronon asserts that this romanticism of nature currently underpins actual environmental concerns. He concludes reading stating that a middle ground where humanity and nature intersect must be found in order to create a better world.…
The text “Does Mars Have Rights?”, written by Ronald Bailey, was published in the magazine Reason during the month of February, in 2012. Bailey’s text presents the ethical issues about terraforming, which is the modification of a planet in order to make it suitable for human living. While the article does not provide an academic analysis, it presents an important aspect of the situation that needs to be taken in consideration. The author presents two main moral issues about terraforming: the aesthetic insensibility and the ignorance of our human limits.…
This week, the reading selections were quite interesting. We have these two authors, Taylor and Epstein, who truly approach the environmental topic in separate ways. On one hand, we have Paul Taylor defending our environment all the way in the article “The Ethics of Respect for Nature”. In this article, Taylor insists that we switch our current perspectives, regarding the environment, to ones that further zoom in on the sake of nature. In fact, Taylor states that “once we reject the claim that humans are superior either in merit or in worth to other living things, we are ready to adopt the attitude of respect” (330).…
Some environmentalists write stories of the complexity of the environment without mention of human experience, while other writers take an inward approach to evaluate the change of nature throughout human history. David Quammen’s Wild Thoughts from Wild Places is a compilation of personal accounts that addresses different natural phenomena and looks deeper into the environmental and social justice behind human involvement in the natural world. In Wild Thoughts from Wild Places, Quammen points to specific animal species, white tigers and the superdove, to reveal environmental injustices that are continuously happening in present-day society. His first point elaborates on the process behind obtaining the white tiger, upkeeping the population,…
This is supporting the idea of partnership ethics that “humans act to fulfill both humanity’s vital needs and nature’s needs by restraining human hubris” (RE, 84). I agree that humans could take resources from the nature for food, shelter, and energy, but we have to return and maintain the right for the nonhuman nature to survive and flourish. Despite the coherence between deep ecology and partnership ethics, sometimes, deep ecologists promote the separation of humans from the wilderness, which is opposing the relational state between humans and nonhuman nature. Also, the ignorance of the connection between “the domination of nature by ‘man’…
The “Tragedy of the Commons” is a metaphoric term that was popularized by Garrett Hardin in 1968. However, the Tragedy of the Commons is widely understood as an economic theory that suggests that individuals will act in their own self-interests and overuse a common pool resource for their own short-term benefits, while destroying the resource for long-term use. While focusing on population growth, the welfare state, and the use of the Earth’s natural resources, Hardin suggests that individuals are incapable of policing or managing common pool resources based on morals and consciousness alone (Hardin, 1968). This idea is widely accepted and reflected in resource management systems around the world. Common pool resources, specifically natural…
A Deontological Approach to Issues Surrounding the Environment Quite often when discussing issues surrounding the environment, it is easy to look at the problems as a matter of cause and effect. X amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere over Y number of years will lead to Z feet of sea level rise. Consider for a moment then, what happens if an individual foregoes the notion of effect and simply examines if humans have a duty to protect the environment, regardless of consequence? The answer—in taking a deontological approach to the environment, it is clear that the environment has intrinsic value and in examining the work of three notable deontologists, it is apparent that it is the duty of the moral agent to take no harmful actions against…
In this book, Guattari focus in the three ecologies in his conception of Ecosophy. Guattari’s argument that we have an erroneous conception of ecology of environmental struggle, he proposes ideas such as difference of opinion, political dissidence, Action to stand out again and Result of this action , break-up and the number of components in a system (such as a multiple or a group of energy levels). Also he proposes ideas such as strategies or processes towards a reconstruction of social and individual practices of Ecosophy. “There is at least a risk that there will be no more human history unless humanity undertakes a radical reconsideration of itself”. He presents the problem of logical disequilibrium, which threatens the continuation…
Forty years ago, ecologist Garrett Hardin popularised an economic theory on the depletion of common resource with the release of his thesis titled The Tragedy of Commons (Hardin, 1968). The worlds then population was less than half what it is today, yet he recognised that "a finite world can support only a finite population” (Hardin, 1968, p.78). Despite the irrefutable logic of this analysis, Hardin’s work is widely condemned, both for its failure to place adequate weight on the detrimental effects of “consumer-driven lifestyles” (Trevors, & Saier, 2010, p.S13), and the way in which the theory serves to justify enclosure of commons through privatisation, which can result in over-exploitation (De Moor, 2009; Bromley, & Cernea, 1989; Nagendra,…
Land, according to Rossiter (1996), is defined as the area of the earth’s surface characterised by atmosphere, soil, underlying geology, hydrology and the biotic components such as plants and animals. These attributes bring into play a significant influence on the present and future uses of the land by us humans. The turned focus to land for the sourcing out of food, extraction of natural resources and as a source of income for individuals, has been a norm for years. Decisions on land use have constantly been a part of the evolution of society (FAO, 1976).…
The system in which our upbringings are bred to abide by is the very thing that is allocating our lives without many of us even realising. Our consuming and contented nature produces a physically unsustainable earth and we nourish the current system which is morally unsustainable, an ecological imbalance is imminent. This report proposes to deconstruct these occurrences that lead to a world not savvy of their own environmental irrationalities. Focusing on the calculations that formulate solutions to how the environment can be ameliorated by those that are abolishing it. Drawing from ideals from nations that have spearheaded environmental corrosion.…