With that in mind as we explore the slave insurrections of the Nat Turner Virginia Raid 1831, Denmark Vessey revolt 1822, Malê revolt 1835, Antigua Conspiracy 1736, and Haitian Revolution 1791 we are able to see the role of African spirituality and influence of conditions. The Haitian Revolution 1791 was initially lead by Boukman Dutty a Voodoo Priest, Jean Franҫois, Cècile Fatiman Voodoo High Priestess or mamba and Georges Biassou. However the eventual leader of the revolution would be Toussaint L’Overture, Dessalines and Henri Christophe. The Haitian Revolution occurred under the following conditions: The master slave relationship had developed in the context of absenteeism, economic distress, slave holding units within the years before the revolution, African born slaves outnumbered those born in the America’s, and the social structure of the slave holding regime permitted black leadership. During the time of the revolution it was the beginning of the French revolution and experienced a catalytic ideology of equality and liberty, the colonial revolt of the planters and the free colored, the context of imperial warfare and obtrusive role of revolution abolitionist Sonthonax a civil commissioner who controlled 7,000 French troops in Saint Domingue. In the dense forest of Bois-Caïman Fatiman and Boukman officiated a solemn voodoo ceremony for the conspirators similar to the Damnation Oath in Antigua and Jamaica demonstrating the centrality of African Religions. The morning of August 22, 1791 the enslaved arose up and torched plantations in the North destroying everything in their path.14 Destroying numerous coffee and sugar plantations.
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October 31, 1793 France abolished slavery in Saint Domingue. In 1798 after further intervention by the British, Toussaint had taken control of the West and Northern part of the island.14 By 1804 the enslaved had freed themselves from the institution of slavery January 1, 1804 Saint Domingue declared independence and renamed itself Haiti its original Arawak name and inspired many revolts in North America.
The Antigua Conspiracy 1736 occurred in the British West Indies under the following conditions: economic distress and famine, the social structure of the slave holding regime permitted the emergency of black leadership, and the master slave relationship had developed greater cultural separation of whites and blacks . In the year of the Antigua Conspiracy disease, drought, inability to pay taxes, engrossment of the land by the wealthy, indebtness, wars and rumors of wars, and the hiring and training of blacks tradesmen kept the white population down; allowing the black to encompass 88% of the total population. The leaders included Court (Tackey) “King of the Coromantees” and Creole Tomboy.17 Court an Akan speaker and a Tomboy were assisted by Obbab(Aba) and Queen both Akan women who provided critical leadership in facilitating the Damnation Oath, a ceremony derived of Akan traditions in which the insurrectionists committed themselves by drinking rooster blood, ceremony dirt and rum among other elements .17 The Obeah Man was very important in inspiring Akan revolts. The Obeah Man was responsible for protecting rebellious slaves from evil agents and increasing the likelihood of success in the revolutionary moments. The slaves planned to stage a general uprising on the night of Monday October 11 the night of the annual ball commemorating the coronation of George II was to be held in the capital town of St. John’s.19
October 31, 1793 France abolished slavery in Saint Domingue. In 1798 after further intervention by the British, Toussaint had taken control of the West and Northern part of the island.14 By 1804 the enslaved had freed themselves from the institution of slavery January 1, 1804 Saint Domingue declared independence and renamed itself Haiti its original Arawak name and inspired many revolts in North America.
The Antigua Conspiracy 1736 occurred in the British West Indies under the following conditions: economic distress and famine, the social structure of the slave holding regime permitted the emergency of black leadership, and the master slave relationship had developed greater cultural separation of whites and blacks . In the year of the Antigua Conspiracy disease, drought, inability to pay taxes, engrossment of the land by the wealthy, indebtness, wars and rumors of wars, and the hiring and training of blacks tradesmen kept the white population down; allowing the black to encompass 88% of the total population. The leaders included Court (Tackey) “King of the Coromantees” and Creole Tomboy.17 Court an Akan speaker and a Tomboy were assisted by Obbab(Aba) and Queen both Akan women who provided critical leadership in facilitating the Damnation Oath, a ceremony derived of Akan traditions in which the insurrectionists committed themselves by drinking rooster blood, ceremony dirt and rum among other elements .17 The Obeah Man was very important in inspiring Akan revolts. The Obeah Man was responsible for protecting rebellious slaves from evil agents and increasing the likelihood of success in the revolutionary moments. The slaves planned to stage a general uprising on the night of Monday October 11 the night of the annual ball commemorating the coronation of George II was to be held in the capital town of St. John’s.19