Additionally, in order to adhere to ethical standards, researchers must submit their study plans to the Institutional Review Board (IRB) as they are the U.S. external review committee designed to protect human rights (Polit & Beck,…
What you need to do: Have a sound understanding of the theoretical content for the module. Theoretical content is presented in the pre-lecture material, F2F lectures, online lectures, supporting modules and laboratory content. Resources needed to complete task: LQB301 lecture notes and Learning and teaching manual. Case studies presented during F2F classes and online. MODULE 3: EPIDEMIOLOGY…
The purpose of this paper is to analyze the significant ethical issue related to informed consent and the structural health disparities as it relates to the life of Henrietta Lacks. Informed consent is based on the ethical principles of patient autonomy, justice and beneficence. Nurses and medical professionals have the obligation to provide patient services without compromising patient’s human rights and the right to self-determination. Henrietta Lacks family were faced with various barriers to accessing quality healthcare at the time including social circumstances as poverty, race, and the lack of education. Ethical Issue Henrietta’s story happened at a time when segregation between people of color and white Americans was evident.…
The concept from Com 4210 that best relates to Dr. Floyd’s lecture is that of research ethics. This concept covers a variety of actions in the field of research with the idea for participant fairness. Research ethics outlines the parameters for both conducting and reporting research. The Belmont Report help to provided guidelines in ethical research.…
Unethical Research In ethical research it is important to respect the rights of the subjects, but unfortunately this is not the case for all studies. In some studies the subjects are not treated fairly and now there is the prevalence of research misconduct which consist of “fabrication, falsification, or plagiarism in the process of conducting and reporting research in nursing and other healthcare disciplines” (Burns, 2011, p. 103). Some people may not be familiar with all the ethical guidelines for a research study so they are misinformed and misguided in participating in a research study. By people, especially subjects who are entering into a study, not being educated about the different rights that are involved in research it will increase…
While conducting a study, it is required of a researcher to do no harm, receive informed consent, ensure voluntary participation, and to not take advantage of, or wrongly include, protected and vulnerable populations. To do no harm entails that any person who joins a study will not be exposed to any more harm than they would on a regular basis. Informed consent requires that a subject is aware they are part of a study while also fully understanding the aspects the study will involve. Voluntary participation is a partakers right to decide whether or not they want to be a part of a study while aware of the option to back out at any time without repercussion. Finally, with protected and vulnerable populations, a researcher has the responsibility of providing special methods or requirements for groups like prisoners, children, and the educationally disadvantaged.…
The Belmont Report provided the ethical framework that the National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research used to develop the Common Rule that regulates all U.S. research studies involving human beings. This Common Rule identifies the ethical principles for the conduction of human research and the regulations protecting the rights and welfare of participants that is enforced by 17 federal agencies (Puglisi, 2013). If this Common Rule were present during the Tuskegee study, this study would never have even started. The principles associated with ethically conducting a research study, respect for persons, beneficence, and justice were neglected during this case study in various…
ASSESSMENT 4 - CRITICAL APPRAISAL (1800W +/-10%) INTRO (180 WORDS) This essay aims to critically appraise a quantitative research article with reference to “The personality of emergency nurses: Is it unique?” by Kennedy, Curtis, & Waters (2014). Critical appraisal is often defined as the methodical process used to analyse a research article’s validity through the assessment of its weaknesses and strengths.…
Ethics This essay will discuss the ethical safeguards for clinical research that may not apply to evidence-based projects. Additionally, this essay will discuss ethical controversies related to two ethical exemplars. In conclusion, patients’ ethical responsibility in improving healthcare will be explored. Ethical Safeguards Clinical research involves the study of investigational analysis of data or experiments that involve humans.…
Ethical Concerns Experimental design is a field whereby ethical concerns are almost always a top priority. Although most individuals see ethical norms as common sense, they often vary from culture to culture and there can be discrepancies in the interpretation even by members within a certain cultural group. Furthermore, it is vital to determine any potential ethical concerns contained within an experiment and address those concerns in order to reduce their potential impact on the results. The first potential ethical concern that may be encountered during our experiment is an experimenter either intentionally or accidentally falsifying, fabricating or misrepresenting the data that is collected from the test subjects.…
The subjects coming from the psychology undergraduate student pool can’t be considered to be representative of the extended population. One element of ethical issues involving the use of human subjects, specifically psychology students, is the coercion of people to participate in a research. According to Leak, (1981) the unequal student-teacher power relationship doesn’t leave room for free consent, and although students view research experience positively, they recognize the existence of coercion even if they do not object it. Clark and McCann (2005) have also stressed the ethical problems being raised by the use of students to participate in researches that the researchers are their potential…
Ethical guidelines are crucial in research to minimise unnecessary physical or psychological harm to participants in an experiment. Before ethical guidelines existed in research, several experiments were not conducted ethically. In 1963, American psychologist Stanley Milgram conducted Milgram’s Study of Obedience investigating participants' obedience towards authority. The study demonstrated multiple ethical issues which proved the importance of ethics in research. This report will address the ethical principles that Milgram's study covered poorly and how they could be modified to improve the study.…
It was not until 1978 that these unethical studies came to a halt with the formation National Commission for he protection human subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research of Legal set forth a set guideline. (Finkelman & Kenner, 2016, p.180) Under this guideline the patient would be respected and be recognized with dignity and having his or her own autonomy, alone with Beneficence and justice that would protect the public from any malice research study. (Finkelman & Kenner, 2016,…
For research project, I decided to research what the neuropsychological effect of Unilateral Spatial Inattention (USI) has on a person. All of the other ideas for topics I’d thought of were too difficult to do so I decided to ask my teacher and optometrists for help in discovering a topic. I really wanted to do a topic on ‘visual neglect’ because it was among those that was related to psychology, which I am highly interested in. After talking to an optometrist online, I was convinced that the proper term for this particular eye syndrome was ‘USI’. USI is described as a behavioural syndrome in which a patient cannot interpret the left side of objects/ people due to damage to the brain.…
Ethical consent was not obtained from participants (students) or their parents; this is a major breach of ethical codes as participants were significantly under the age of 18. Furthermore the students were forced to participate; if they choose to not participate they were expected to write an essay expressing the “importance of psychological research”. Participants were unable to leave the experiment if they wished to without being punished, breaching another ethical practice that participants have right to withdraw from any study without consequence at any…