Erikson's Theory Of Psychosocial Development Essay

Erik Erikson’s psychoanalytic theory:
Erikson’s psychoanalytic theory of psychosocial development has eight stages from infancy to adulthood. According to him personality develops in a predetermined order, and builds upon each stage. During each stage, the child experiences a psychosocial crisis which could have a positive or negative outcome on personality development, the third psychosocial crisis occurs during three to six years of age and he calls it as play age. He concentrated more on children socialization and its effect on their sense of self. He believed that successful completion of each stage results in a healthy personality and failure to successfully complete a stage can result in a reduced ability to complete further stages and therefore a more unhealthy personality and sense of self.
Erikson’s third stage in psychoanalytic theory is initiative vs guilt. Initiative means Children begin to plan activities, make up games, and initiate activities with others. If given this opportunity, children develop a sense of self, Initiative, and feel secure in their ability to lead others and make decisions, meanwhile if their opportunity is snatched or stopped either through criticism or control, children develop a sense of guilt. He believe that, the child at this stage will feel guilt when there is a negative reaction to the initiative taken. The example for initiative vs guilt I observed, at the snack time of play date when Ritesh mother was giving milk to his baby sister, Ritesh said, ‘mumma I want to give milk to baby sister”, then he sat in crisscross position in the floor, when Ritesh mother gave him milk bottle, he holds it near to his sister mouth to feed her while his mother holds the baby , he turn around toward me and said, “see aunty I’m also giving milk like Mumma . In this observed example, the boy Ritesh wanted to do a work like his mother and initiated the activity by asking to his mother to feed his baby sister by himself, when the opportunity was given to him, he felt pride joy and said to me that he was feeding to baby like his mother. His behavior is typical according to Erikson thirds stage. He is falling under Erikson initiative vs guilt stage in development. Freud psychoanalytic theory According to Freud’s Psychoanalytic theory, the development of children is characterized in three different stages and each characterized by sexual interest and pleasure arising from a particular part of the body. …show more content…
Preschooler year of age three to six are called phallic stage. He believed that pleasure from stimulation of the mouth, anus and penis is linked to major developmental stages in children. Biological factors like genes and chromosomes decides gender for the baby. Freud believed that children gender identity occurs at about the age of three when children become aware of anatomical differences between the boy and girl child. He also believed that children’s learns gender identity by physical difference and cultural difference between male and female identification, and parent’s behavior toward the child. Children’s upbringing and social environments impacts their gender identities, children's interests, preferences, behaviors are influenced by parents. Around three years old, children become conscious of the physical differences between boys and girls, and most children are easily able to label themselves as either a boy or a girl and by age four, and have