The Codes Of Gender Summary

Improved Essays
Following Through or Recursion?
Although the upsurge of visually androgynous models in western advertisements suggests a healthy transition in the appreciation of gender and sexuality, I believe that it is instead representative of how these cultures has not yet implemented basic gender equity. Fundamental to gender equity is the distinction between sex and gender, wherein sex describes the physical characteristics assigned at birth to individuals (Male, Female, Intersex) and gender describes the cultural definitions given to these physical characteristics (Masculine, Feminine, Trans). As such, gender is a social construct that prescribes the basic roles individuals assume in the structure of society.
Professor Sut Jhally in, “The Codes of Gender”, refers to Erving Goffman’s “Presentation of Self in Everyday life” as he elaborates
…show more content…
Regardless of the century, he observes that “male models [are] erotic by virtue of their youthfulness, physical beauty, and scantily clad bodies” (Soldow 320). This is apparent in examples he provides from ancient Greece, Nazi Germany, and present Abercrombie and Fitch catalogs. Soldow argues that because perfection should appeal to all audiences, there is a lesser emphasis on searching for homosexuality or recognizing erotic from homoerotic imagery. Furthermore, because advertisements are not strictly pornographic but present an abstraction on the human form, a portion of the advertisements message is left to the recipient’s imagination where androgyny and eroticism can coexist and fulfill the receiver’s specific desires. This applies both to advertisements featuring a single androgynous model or those featuring two or more wherein the receiver may choose to fabricate a heterosexual or homosexual relationship for two nondescript, but posed models rather than attempt to identify their actual genders, sex, and

Related Documents

  • Superior Essays

    Selling a product ? No problem! Use a woman and have her use minimal to no clothes at all. Now in the present day, advertisement companies are using woman’s body of all ethnicities, as sexual objects to sell and promote their product. In this essay I choose an advertisement by Axe that shows and identifies about gender roles and sexuality.…

    • 1801 Words
    • 8 Pages
    Superior Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Henthorne says that It’s very common now for a reader of any age to pick up a magazine and see provocative models and celebrities for many consumer products. Furthermore, George Belch says how advertisers assume that “sex sells” has also been noticed in numerous articles both in the general and business media. Even though it is very effective to use nudity and sex appeal to attracting attention, there happens to be a negative to it. Ad surveys showed that ads with sexuality and more nudity judged least appealing and lowered the company's reputation. Bello, Pitts, and Etzel (1983) conducted an experiment on commercial ads and how sexual ads appealed to everyday people.…

    • 849 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Superior Essays

    Unit 5, Activity 4: ISP Essay Gender Inequality in Water for Elephants In today’s society, there is a common misconception between “gender” and “sex”. Although many believe these two identities to be similar in context, they have two different meanings: One’s “sex” refers to their genetic make-up (in terms of hormonal profile, sex organs etc.), while gender describes the characteristics that are classified as feminine or masculine by a culture or society. For example, in western cultures, women are usually seen as “more delicate and compassionate than men...have expectations to be domestic, warm, pretty, emotional, dependent, physically weak, and passive.”…

    • 1730 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Superior Essays
  • Improved Essays

    A wide variety of advertisements have been creating plentiful images of men and women for years now regarding gender roles and sex diversity. Ford (2008) explains the advertising industry in particular has formed the impression that “sex sells,” now using women’s bodies as sex objects. In addition to this, previous research has also shown men are being outstripped when it comes to women being sexualized (Ford, 2008). More importantly, the advertising industry has shown what the “accurate” gender roles for men and women are to be. Men are to be dominant, tough, strong, independent, and detached.…

    • 1164 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    The 2009 film The Codes of Gender by Sut Jhally, shows how advertising effects the way society views these gender roles. Today, advertisements change our perception on how we believe men and women should behave. This paper will discuss how the sociological perspective has helped me to understand these gender codes, how these advertisements effect how I interact with other people and how other people interact with me. The sociological perspective has helped me to acknowledge the gender codes and the stereotypes that are made to go along with them.…

    • 757 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    ‘“Night to His Day’: The Social Construction of Gender,” Judith Lorber’s article written in the mid 90s, describes western societies as having two genders: men and women. Lorber explains that, while they not wholly separate genders, transvestities and transexuals are “crossover genders” (2007: 43) floating in between society’s two genders. Society’s framework for gender affects everything a person does from the moment that person is born, without them even knowing it. The clothes a person wears, the friends a person makes, the job that person ultimately does or does not get: all affected by gender.…

    • 1097 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Throughout the course, we have explored the multifaceted, constantly changing concept of gender (1). Culture, religion, politics and global relations affect the manor in which gender has been shaped. There are many different theories about the possible biological and physiological influence as well as theories that utilize only social and cultural basis. One of the most complicated aspects of understanding gender is the difference between sex and gender. The definition of sex (2), the result of biological components, such as genitalia, hormones and reproductive potential is also facing changes due to recent research.…

    • 1578 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Do you ever watch the Super Bowl for its commercials? Have you ever bought a more expensive product because you had seen its advertisement? If the answer is yes, then you might have been a victim of today’s marketers. Jean Kilbourne, author of Killing Us Softly, stated in one of her lectures, “The influence of advertising is quick, cumulative and for the most part, subconscious. Ads sell more products….…

    • 734 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    While creating the story The Left Hand Of Darkness the author Ursula K. Le Guin had to create a world completely different than the one we know, while maintaining certain characteristics known by the reader and Genly Ai in order to create a story we could understand, and partially relate to. To accomplish this Le Guin had to overcome gender roles in the society that we know. Not being for the planet Gethen the ambiguous nature of gender and sex roles create a barrier that becomes difficult for Genly Ai and the reader to comprehend. “Gender roles are based on the different expectations that individuals have based on their sex and based on each society’s values and beliefs about gender.” (Blackstone 2003)…

    • 1278 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Great Essays

    It has been numerously mentioned what social masculinity and femininity stands for. For example, “Diamond argues that these children should be assigned to the male sex since the presence of the Y is sufficient grounds for the presumption of social masculinity” (748). She also mentions that it is not “feminine” (“Interview: John Colapinto”) of “Brenda” (744) to play with guns, trucks or even to stand and urinate, because as a society we have come up with the generalization that one is a male if XY chromosomes are present in an individual’s gene, and one is a female if XX chromosomes are present. Therefore, Butler apprises us by using David Reimer’s case to define that “what is feminine and what is masculine can be altered, that these cultural terms have no fixed meaning or internal destiny, and that they are more malleable than previously thought” (746). Stating that biology does not set the limit for one’s destiny, because there are alternative routes that one might take, which could be completely different than what their biology had put forth for them.…

    • 1749 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Great Essays
  • Great Essays

    These models have qualities of straight males while also having gay qualities. The gay qualities are subtle, so to not scare away the straight males viewing the ad. This homophobia is the reason the advertisements must be delicate; they must work “in a way that the straight consumer will no notice” (Bordo…

    • 1240 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Great Essays
  • Improved Essays

    In regards to gender, the “nature versus nurture” debate refers the opposition between a biologically-based conception and one grounded in social psychology. On the “nature” side, gender is a matter of a person 's physiological makeup. There are varying accounts of what body parts specifically are indicative of gender, with gonads, chromosomes, and reproductive organs being among the contenders for criterion of gender. Regardless, on this view gender and sex are correlated, and “male” and “female” are the only existing categories. Those individuals born with the appropriate “male” physiology are men, and those with the corresponding correct “female” anatomy are women.…

    • 1300 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Great Essays

    We make gender attributions, at least in part, on the basis of superficial clues such as dress, hairstyle and name, independently of what we know about someone’s assignment, identity and role” (Kessler & McKnna,1978,pg. 39). Gender plays an important role when dealing with people’s identities. Gender refers to the social and cultural aspects of being male and female which basically means societies perceptions or thoughts on how females and males are suppose to look and act. This essay will focus on the visual and verbal representations of gender and sexuality portrayed on mannequins in three different clothing shop window displays in Greenstone. The different concepts I will be refereeing to during this essay are feminism and masculinity,…

    • 1581 Words
    • 7 Pages
    Great Essays
  • Improved Essays

    J., & Covell, K, 1997, p.3). The presence of male dominance in advertisements allows female objectification and acceptance of rape myths (MacKay, N. J., & Covell, K, 1997, p.3). Advertisements have the power of self-reflection in the minds of their audience, and portraying the wrong message could have potentially disastrous effects (Diedrichs, P. C., & Lee, C, 2010, p.2). Moreover, advertisements have a significant effect on the viewer’s image of their own body. The models in the Calvin Klein advertisement are on two different ends of a muscular spectrum.…

    • 1250 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Improved Essays
  • Improved Essays

    Stereotypes In Advertising

    • 1460 Words
    • 6 Pages

    Today, it is the societal and cultural norm to think that, “men have positive attitudes toward casual and recreational sex, whereas women value the emotional intimacy and commitment around a sexual relationship” (Dahl). This makes both men and women feel as if they must fall into these norms. Because of the idea that men are more likely to want a sexual relationship, women’s bodies are often exploited in advertisements to attract male customers. Many advertisements directed towards men include images of beautiful women wearing little to no clothing. This is common in advertisements for beer, men’s hygiene products, cologne, and clothing (O’barr).…

    • 1460 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Improved Essays