When an individual does drugs, I learned that our brain does not work correctly together. Our brain interprets the drugs that an individual ingests as pleasurable, so dopamine is released. This makes the human brain assume that drugs are needed for survival. Drugs change the chemistry of the brain and change what our brains perceives as our basic hierarchy of needs. After one becomes addicted to drugs their primary survival priority is drugs, followed by what non- addicted brains consider priorities, food, sex and…
Specifically, the reason humans become addicted to a certain drug is because the drug tricks the brain into releasing pleasurable and rewarding chemicals which intrinsically reinforce the person into consuming it again and again. The moment one associates the drug use with these positive feelings, the behavior is learned. Based on the law of effect “behaviors leading to a satisfying state of affairs are strengthened” (Powel & Honey & Symbaluk,, 2013, p. 215), therefore the positive reinforcement that comes after using a drug determines that this behavior will be repeated again. This cyclical pattern of drug use and positive reinforcement is clearly seen in Mark Lewis 's behavior throughout his life as an addict, described in his novel. Lewis himself has stated in an…
As some people develop addictions to drugs, and not others, it’s interesting to think about why. Robinson and Berridge go into many complex neurological explanations for this issue, mainly involving animals, but that can, however, carry over into humans. Why certain people can start taking an addictive drug and stop when they so choose, and why others cannot, is interesting to think about. As no two people are the same, there’s obviously not a single, distinctive way to determine a definite cause. It is interesting that both negative and positive reinforcement had been considered as possible descriptions for drug addictions, as they would appear to be opposites.…
Addiction is a cause of misuse and abuse. When hooked on opioids, the “addiction causes the brain to produce a below-normal level of dopamine; thus, opioids are needed by addicts not to attain a state of euphoria, but rather to achieve a normal level of dopamine” (Adamec). This means that when someone is addicted to opioids, they don’t feel as happy as they did when they weren’t addicted, and they need opioids to reach that normal level of dopamine. This leads to people with addictions misusing the drugs and constantly trying to get more of the opioids, whether its from their doctor or from an illegal source. Another cause of abuse is the overprescription of the drug.…
Initially, a person may take a drug willingly. But what happens after that is not in their control. The drug changes the way your brain works. Because of these changes, it is very hard for someone to stop taking drugs. The user may feel deprived and need to take more.…
They find ways to nurture their addiction again and again until death sets them free from the terrible cycle. Take a moment to consider this; is it really the drug or is it the addict? Or is it the world the addict is living? The latter has been preached in parts of the civilised world for over a century. However, the “why?” penetrates the fabric that has…
Addiction is caused by a substance that our brains receives pleasure…
All addictive drugs including methamphetamine activate the dopamine cells in ventral tegmental area (Peter and Charles, 2007). Addiction can be described as uncontrollable and persistent reward seeking behaviour regardless of the adverse consequences that may ensue (Shippenberg et al., 2007). It is a pathological change in the neurological functions caused by repeated abuse to the brain which regulate person’s behaviour (Peter and Charles, 2007). Methamphetamine excites dopamine producing neurons causing more action potential generation in the absence of experience of…
As exposure increased, they found that the initial effects (Stage A) were lessened and the subsequent effects (Stage B) were intensified, meaning that the “rush” and euphoria were felt much less intensely but the cravings and withdrawal were much more severe. The brain takes much longer to return to baseline after it has been exposed to a stimulus repeatedly. A person who is experiencing heightened craving and withdrawal would find it very challenging to abstain opiates for a long enough time to return to their baseline. This theory does explain why opiate users continue to use drug even when this use comes with harsh consequences, however, it does not explain why relapse often occurs after long periods of…
This theory looks at addiction as damaging areas in the brain that are responsible for inhibition. Therefore, behaviours that are reinforced by the reward pathways such as taking drugs can not be overridden by the inhibitory parts of the brain, hence allowing the addictive behaviour to continue (Moss & Dyer, 2010). This seems to make a lot of inherent sense since our behaviour is regulated by our brain. If a important part of our brain that regulates self-control and inhibition gets damaged or loses some of its abilities, it would make sense that we would participate in reward-oriented, impulsive action like taking drugs or other addictive behaviours, that provide immediate benefits.…
Another key feature of this model is that drug relapses are viewed as beyond the control of the individual and are attributed to being triggered by physiological factors. This is due to the biological perspective asserting that the interaction of genetics and drugs results in reinforcement of drug taking and influences repeated use. Overall, the medical model is favored over the moral model because it does not ostracize addicted individuals. Instead, it encourages them to not face their problem alone by seeking help. Also, being able to study addiction from a biological standpoint has resulted in an increased understanding of etiological factors and treatment…
Psychology is the study of human behavior and what influences the behavior (Miller 2010). Mental disorders, mood swings, cognitive issues are considered to be the main psychological causes of addiction. Most of the addicts are usually driven to addiction by either stress or pressure from other people. The use of drugs usually cause hallucinations and makes one to forget the problems they are facing. According to Freud, the psychological theory of addiction is made up the id, superego and ego (Miller 2010).…
The frontal lobe is a part of the brain that sits in the very front. This part of the brain is responsible for judgment, empathy, insight, and impulse control. The frontal lobe is not fully developed until around the age of twenty five. Because this isn’t fully functioning, teenagers have a harder time reasoning and making snap decisions. The development, or lack thereof, of the frontal lobe can affect the way teenagers act.…
There are many reason to why people continue to use drugs even after rehabilitation. The three different factors that cause people to continue to use drugs after experiencing serious consequences are: to feel good, to feel better and to do better. People who use drugs tend to get a feeling of pleasure when using drugs which is known as the “sensation of euphoria” and other effects. Sometimes it can make a person feel relax and other times It can make a person feel more powerful or confident and increase energy. People who tend to have social anxiety, depression or other social disorders may begin to use drugs to destress or relax.…
Cocaine as with many of illicit drugs, can be backed a theory regarding why users experiment leading to use, abuse, and may become addicted. My theory behind drug usage, in this case, cocaine, is backed behind the classical theory biological instinct – that being a psychological theory of reinforcement. It is important to understand what is meant by reinforcement theory – which can be split into two categories. The first, being positive reinforcement. Positive reinforcement “occurs when the individual receives a pleasurable sensation and, because of this, is motivated to repeat what caused it” (147, Theories of Drug use).…