In 1986, David Edwin Oakes was charged with the possession of illicit drugs with the intent to traffic; Oakes contested that s. 8 of the Narcotic Control Act contravened and violated the presumption of innocence under s.11 of the Charter. The defendant questioned the validity of s. 8 of the Narcotic Control Act- as this and that the defendants absent to establish the contrary, will result in conviction with the intent to traffic. Furthermore, on February 28th 1986, both the trial and appeal court judges The Ontario Court of Appeal raised the notion that reverse onus in s. 8 of the Narcotic Control Act was unconstitutional. However Alternatively The Supreme Court acknowledged that it will become imperative…
Reagan ranted and raved about the War on Drugs, started the ridiculously ineffective “Just Say No” campaign, and significantly increased the budgets of many federal law enforcement agencies; it was pure hypocrisy (73). The populations of jails and prisons increased exponentially all across the country, becoming incredibly overcrowded. The War on Drugs makes it nearly impossible for people like Susan Burton and the many women she has helped to break the cycle. A profoundly flawed criminal justice system, systemic racism, redlining, education policy, and poverty are surely all to blame (8). It is a system that survives on a culture of power, a system that runs on the “idea that punishment was always the answer and was always deserved, that getting tough would solve everything” (123).…
The Community Relation Coalition for a Drug free Anthony, Texas will use several environmental strategies of mass media to mobilize and disseminate the findings to the community. Radio and television will be used as well as the printed media: Investor Publications, New Mexico State University ROUNDUP at their Dona Ana Branch Community College Satellite College, Spanish Radio KOBE, KGRT, and Channel One TV stations at the High School and Middle School campuses will be used to help change social norms around drugs and alcohol use and abuse. The radio stations have always give Public Service Announcements (PSA) status to coalition messages targeted to anti-drug messages. Outdoor Advertising billboards will also be used to reinforce the media messages…
The MS-13 gang, well known as Mara Salvatrucha 13, is one of the most organized and violently dangerous gangs in the United States. The gang was established in the 1980, in the predominately Spanish speaking parts of Los Angeles, initially starting off with refugees who were in nature calm and in control. However, some Mexican immigrants began their power guiding and controlling these individuals into an underworld organization, which quickly began to harden the individuals. Once this occurred in the El Salvadorian neighborhoods, the immigrants wanted to organize themselves, so they decided to come up with a name for themselves.…
Like the war on terrorism, the fight to control these illicit markets pits governments against agile, stateless, and resourceful networks empowered by globalization”. Naím explains how drugs and the sale of drugs can not only affect the people but also the whole society and government. It’s hard to but borders on people that does not have any kind of boundaries. In the Cocaine Cowboys, it started off with two Latina men being shot dead in a liquor store due to cartel activities and everyone knew it was the cocaine boys. Drugs and crime goes hand in hand as explained by John Roberts in the documentary.…
The fluctuations in the crime rate depend on the usage of crack cocaine and its markets. In “The Crime Bust,” the author elaborates on many possible causes to the unsteady rates, but only contributes to part of the downward cline (Witkin 1-4). For instance, one of the most cited causes to the crime rates, policing strategies, is not the key factor in crime reduction because it is not constant with every city. “The crime rate has also dropped precipitously in cities like Washington, D.C., where the police department has been, at best, troubled and, at worst, thoroughly dysfunctional. Conversely, a metropolitan area like Nashville, which has increased its police manpower by 16 percent since 1994, has nonetheless seen its annual murder totals…
Introduction In 1994 Bill Clinton and his administration passed The Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act. This bill was passed with bi-partisan support and became a mixture of President Nixon’s War on drugs and President Regan’s tough on crime initiatives. My goal in this paper is to identify why this crucial bill was passed as well as analyze the hardships it may have caused including all the major agencies that took part in ratifying this bill. To achieve this goal, I have organized my paper into three main sections.…
“In Detroit that same night, federal officers shut down two illegal stills (an act that would become common in the years ahead) and reported that their operators had offered bribes (which would become even more common)” (Okrent 2). The rise of organized crime changed other cities, like Detroit, where corruption also arose and where it still occurs today. “Outlawing intoxicants gave America not the era of ‘clear thinking and clean living’ that idealists promised. Instead, it vastly increased political and police corruption, transformed drunkenness from a working-class vice into a form of middle-class rebellion, and laid the foundation for nationally organized crime...…
[Throughout the chronicle of policing in our country, the approach to crime control has been a difficult process to carry out. Over the years, law enforcement, either through departmental policies or community demands, had the responsibility to administer personnel in the pursuit of meeting the community’s needs and problem-solving with the resources that were made available to them. The law enforcement community has gone through many different theories of crime control as each political system has come into power. In the middle of the 20th century the country was using the “professional” or “rational-legal bureaucratic” model, which standards included training, technical skills, education and strict role of crime fighting (McElvain, Kposowa,…
By providing an adjusted system Annie Penn Hospital could achieve a more stable, and secure environment for the workers. Based on several researchers the best method to reduce drug abuse in hospitals would be The Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act. Some believe the Act will be insufficient, but literature shows it is an effective and secure way to reduce drug addiction. Although, The Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act is a secure prevention tactic there are other ways addicts can attain prescription drugs. A mandatory drug test could help keep addicts from pursuing the drug since the result would possibly be losing their job.…
The criminal justice system as we know it today has changed from what it once was back in the 1700’s. The United States criminal justice system was indeed influenced from English law and customs, but history has revealed to maintain a growing and evolving system those individuals apart of that system have to adapt and change along with that system in order to tackle the growing issues of today. The global weight of current issues like terrorism, technological advances, and globalization; these are just some of the concerns that will impact the criminal justice system not only within the United States, but also abroad on an international level as well. In this world, there will always be criminals and as we continue to evolve, so do criminal criminals.…
Public policy in criminal justice is highly important. The three perspectives that highlight the importance are the theoretical perspective, political perspective and the practical perspective. Each of these perspectives not only provide a standpoint why criminal justice public policy is not only crucial, but also a vital part in the field of study. Educating others on how crime policy is made, proposing alternative policies to lawmakers, and evaluating both past and future results are a vital aspect of both the public policy and the criminal justice fields. It is vital to understand the process and move the theoretical research solutions to the political substantive solutions by combining them and rooting them in the criminal justice field.…
The method for reviewing the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994 is through the specific steps of the public policy process that include identifying the problem, setting an agenda, formulating a policy, implementing the policy, and evaluating the policy. According to the Uniform Crime Reports of the Federal Bureau of Investigation, violent crime rates such as rape, robbery, and murder peaked in 1991 and 1992. The “war on drugs” and drug abuse was the topics on the agenda as was the remnants of the late 1980’s crack epidemic and the increase of juvenile violence. In addition the issue of gun violence and the Brady Bill continued to surface as discussion for the legislature. Drugs and crime violence is problematic throughout…
New technologies have given criminals new ways to commit crimes. One can now sit at a computer and break laws in countries on the other side of the world. The evolution of cybercrimes has taken the world by storm and put law enforcement agencies all over the world on their heels. Cyber extortion and trafficking are the main ways criminal organizations break the law. A person can purchase illegal drugs, weapons, or humans with the click of a button.…
The drug market is stronger than ever, yet the drug war has been in full force for several decades. The effects here in the United States, are quite similar to the effects internationally, but there are many solutions other than a drug war, to stop the use of drugs. Nobel laureate and economist Milton Friedman remarked on the issue, “However much harm drugs do to those who use them…seeking to prohibit their use does even more harm both to users of drugs and to the rest of us…Legalizing drugs would simultaneously reduce the amount of crime and improve law enforcement. It is hard to conceive of any other single measure that would accomplish so much to promote law and order” (Donohue 146). Friedman is right.…