Summary: The Twenty Slave Law

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essential items being sold at the markets. This allowed the market men to charge any price they wanted. The Provost Marshal continued to raise the tariff and the market men double the prices on their merchandise. Soon it became no longer needful to send a servant at the crack of dawn to the market because only the wealthy could afford any supplies.
John Beauchamp Jones was a well-known author, editor, and publisher. Wild western Scenes, is one of his many famous novels. He published A Rebel War Clerk’s Diary in 1866. Jones made it a point to let his readers know that both the President and Secretary of War was knowledgeable about his diary in a short preface. In the early morning on April 2 a few hundred women and boys gathered in the Capitol Square. The crowd continued to grow until there were over a thousand people. A few of the rioters were men however most of them were foreign residents. The crowd appeared around 9:00 a.m. in silence and good order. Jones asked one of the rioters what was going on. The young women simply smiled and replied “that they were going to find something to eat”. Jones expressed his hopes for their success. He did not follow the crowed but he learned about the incident an hour later. The crowd progressed through Cary Street and then proceeded to raid the stores of the speculators. Carts and drays filled the streets containing “meal, flour shoes, etc.” One eye-witness said “he saw a boy come out of a store with a hat full of money (notes)”. The mob then went to Man Street and broke into the closed stores to steal plate-glass windows, silks, and jewelry among other items. The raiding went on until Governor Letcher arrived with the military. “He had the Riot Act read (by the mayor), and then threatened to fire on the mob”. He gave the mob five minutes to disperse. Then President Davis arrived, addressing the crowd while standing on top of a dray. Davis asked the mob to return home.
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Farmers were expected to produce enough food for both the military and those at home. On April 16, 1862 the Congress of the Confederacy passed the Conscription Act of 1862. This act drafted all white males from the ages of 18 to 35 for three years of military service. There were laws put in place that allowed men to escape the draft. The Twenty Slave Law was passed October 11, 1862 in response to the Emancipation Proclamation. This law allowed one white male per plantation to be exempt from military if they own twenty or more slaves. “The Twenty-Slave Law was necessary to ensure the productivity of the black population and to maintain the safety of the white population”. Men who held public offices were exempted from the draft. Wealthy white men who could afford to hire a substitute or pay a fine was also exempt. However, the practice of substitution was later abolished by the Confederate Congress. Later the age range extended to 17 to 50 years of age. “Only boys under the conscription age were found in the schools; all older were made necessary in the field or in some department of government service, unless physical inability prevented them from falling under the requirements of the law”. Agriculture production decreased with the lack of men on the home front. This

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