Soil Health Assessment on the Sanborn Field Long-Term Experiment Study: a review
Saranya Norkaew
Department of Soil, Environmental, and Atmospheric Sciences
School of Natural Resources, University of Missouri-Columbia MO
Introduction
Degradation of soil resources is still the most serious and widespread threat to humankind. Soil has an important role to play in the global environment of food security, water security, climate stability, biodiversity, and ecosystem services (McBratney et al., 2014). Worldwide research has increased awareness that soil resources have influenced by human management and practices. Soil quality assessment provides a better understanding and awareness how soil resources are needed as an essential ecosystem services …show more content…
It consists of various measurement of soil characteristic, including soil texture, available water capacity, wet aggregate stability, organic matter content, respiration, active carbon, etc. The similar study was reported by Karlen et al. (2003), indicated the potential soil quality index consisting of appropriate indicators, forming a minimum data set, and scoring the indicators. The potential soil quality indicators were comprised of phosphate sorption capacity, cation exchange capacity, the content of organic matter, bulk density, water retention, random roughness, porosity, hydraulic conductivity, seal conductivity, saturated hydraulic conductivity, soil productivity, and rooting depth. Somewhat in contrast to Moebius-Clune et al. is Congreves et al. (2015), who applied the previous version of CASH (Moebius-Clune et al., 2014) to study the effect of crop rotation and tillage system (no-till and conventional tillage) as the new Ontario Soil Health Assessment (OSHA). They likewise argued that the OSHA can provide better overall soil health score and the relationship of soil quality characteristics than CASH, un-weighted overall score and excluded soil hardness, available water capacity and Fe that could affect the score. However, they suggested that the minimum dataset …show more content…
(2013) studied the relationship among microbial enzyme activity and the effect of soil management on soil quality using the soil management assessment framework (SMAF). The SMAF was developed to use in large-scale assessment, conservation planning and soil health evaluation, recently adding the incorporation of β-glucosidase, which reflects the plant residue decomposition and microbial biomass-C scoring curves (Stott et al., 2010). In this framework, Veum et al. (2013) indicated potential multiple indicators that can count into the index of soil quality include, biological indicators; microbial biomass carbon and microbial enzyme activities, chemical indicators; soil pH, soil nutrients, soil organic matter and active carbon, physical indicators; bulk density and aggregate stability. To study biological indicators, the phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) measurement has become one of the most common methods that have used to study soil microbial communities. Frostegård et al. (2011) indicated there are two approaches to interpret PLFA data by filtering PLFA pattern through multivariate statistical techniques and clarifying specific groups of microorganism. They also mentioned that PLFA method could not indicate the rapid changes (turn-over) and calculate the diversity of organism. The similar study was conducted by Blagodatskaya and
Saranya Norkaew
Department of Soil, Environmental, and Atmospheric Sciences
School of Natural Resources, University of Missouri-Columbia MO
Introduction
Degradation of soil resources is still the most serious and widespread threat to humankind. Soil has an important role to play in the global environment of food security, water security, climate stability, biodiversity, and ecosystem services (McBratney et al., 2014). Worldwide research has increased awareness that soil resources have influenced by human management and practices. Soil quality assessment provides a better understanding and awareness how soil resources are needed as an essential ecosystem services …show more content…
It consists of various measurement of soil characteristic, including soil texture, available water capacity, wet aggregate stability, organic matter content, respiration, active carbon, etc. The similar study was reported by Karlen et al. (2003), indicated the potential soil quality index consisting of appropriate indicators, forming a minimum data set, and scoring the indicators. The potential soil quality indicators were comprised of phosphate sorption capacity, cation exchange capacity, the content of organic matter, bulk density, water retention, random roughness, porosity, hydraulic conductivity, seal conductivity, saturated hydraulic conductivity, soil productivity, and rooting depth. Somewhat in contrast to Moebius-Clune et al. is Congreves et al. (2015), who applied the previous version of CASH (Moebius-Clune et al., 2014) to study the effect of crop rotation and tillage system (no-till and conventional tillage) as the new Ontario Soil Health Assessment (OSHA). They likewise argued that the OSHA can provide better overall soil health score and the relationship of soil quality characteristics than CASH, un-weighted overall score and excluded soil hardness, available water capacity and Fe that could affect the score. However, they suggested that the minimum dataset …show more content…
(2013) studied the relationship among microbial enzyme activity and the effect of soil management on soil quality using the soil management assessment framework (SMAF). The SMAF was developed to use in large-scale assessment, conservation planning and soil health evaluation, recently adding the incorporation of β-glucosidase, which reflects the plant residue decomposition and microbial biomass-C scoring curves (Stott et al., 2010). In this framework, Veum et al. (2013) indicated potential multiple indicators that can count into the index of soil quality include, biological indicators; microbial biomass carbon and microbial enzyme activities, chemical indicators; soil pH, soil nutrients, soil organic matter and active carbon, physical indicators; bulk density and aggregate stability. To study biological indicators, the phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) measurement has become one of the most common methods that have used to study soil microbial communities. Frostegård et al. (2011) indicated there are two approaches to interpret PLFA data by filtering PLFA pattern through multivariate statistical techniques and clarifying specific groups of microorganism. They also mentioned that PLFA method could not indicate the rapid changes (turn-over) and calculate the diversity of organism. The similar study was conducted by Blagodatskaya and