In Books II-IV of Plato’s Republic, Socrates creates an ideal polis, and in doing so finds justice in the soul. The two foundational principles of the ideal city that Socrates creates are self-sufficiency and one-person-one-art, referred to today as specialization. Individual people are not self-sufficient, so the citizens of the city must take up a profession and trade with each other. Socrates and his companions are successful in their search for justice, and are able to reach the answer by considering the classes and their education in an ideal state. Citizens of the ideal city are not able to rely exclusively on themselves, nor are they able to practice a multitude of crafts.…
Socrates vs. Ivan The philosophies of Ivan Ilyich and Plato were different in the sense that they both valued different things. Ivan valued a life of propriety, or in other words, the “artificial” life, while Socrates spent his life seeking happiness through the pathway of wisdom and virtue. Although these philosophies are drastically different, it is the combination of them that gives my life meaning.…
This is one of my favorite quotes from Socrates and I believe that it’s really meaningful. I find this quote very interesting since, there are many ways to find a meaning for it or a way to feel identified with it. The meaning of with quote for me is, when humans do something that they have not done before and they enjoyed or really like it, and they know that they will repeat it again. Human are that way. When you find pleasure doing something you want to do it again, to feel the emotions you felt.…
The following essay will discuss Socrates reasons for refusing Crito’s offer of help in Crito, as well as whether or not these refusals are justified. We will discuss each of Socrates reasons for refusing in turn, criticising each as we move through the dialogue. Crito raises the problem of the extent to which a moral person is obligated to their City State (referred to as Athens and the State throughout), as well as the individual's dedication to the central principle of the dialogue; never doing any wrong. We will focus on the idea that by being wronged by the State, Socrates’ obligation is dissolved but his reasons remain justified due to his dedication to the avoidance of wrongdoing and Plato's need to have Socrates be a consistent character and this being the sole justification for his refusal. Socrates gives four reasons as to why he refuses Crito’s offer of escape.…
Socrates first questions the wise of the city. He discovers that the politicians, poets, and artisans all think that “because they [are] good [at one thing] … they also [know] all sorts of high matters” (Apology of Socrates 4). Socrates’ questioning of the honorable politicians threatens their honor and laws of the city. His questioning of the poets threatens their culture and, therefore, the culture of the city. Additionally, his questioning of the artisans threatens their accomplishments in their field and therefore the city’s idea of masters.…
Just or unjust, good or bad, virtuous or vicious- Pablo López Yagüe The writings of Plato, Sandel, and Straus bridge centuries but all highlight the importance of political theory as the basis in providing a discourse for the reflection of life. Plato’s Crito focuses on reason by adapting the moral point of view on the affairs of justice and virtue, through the analysis of the human natural and the social contract. Sandel’s Doing the Right Thing deliberation on problems helps assess the difficulty of morality over individuals, society and the law in determining what is just and virtuous. However, Straus’ What is Political Philosophy considers the Socratic political philosophy thesis in an effort to restore rationalism, by criticizing positivism…
This section of “Plato’s Republic” demonstrates key ideas of the soul from Socrates view point. From the start of this section Socrates introduces his ideas to Glaucon. Socrates believed that cities have three attributes. He goes on to explain that since the attributes of a city come from the people living within, the soul must also be split into three attributes. Socrates attempts to break down the soul into three different categories; the part of the soul that learns or thinks (rational), the part of the soul that desires pleasure, and the part of the soul that is spirit.…
how little does the common herd know of the nature of right and truth. A man must be an extraordinary man and have made great strides in wisdom, before he could have seen his way to this” (p. 3). This quote from Socrates comes after he asks Euthyphro what he is doing on the porch of King Archon. Euthyphro responds by telling Socrates that he is there to bring up a charge of murder against his father. When Socrates points out that, according to accepted beliefs, it is wicked to harm or bring disgrace on one’s father, Euthyphro counters that that makes no difference.…
I am convinced by the argument that Socrates is making against his accussers because Socrates is working hard…
To Socrates, this would be a part of his…
One of Socrates childhood friends, Crito, tried to persuade Socrates to getaway before his trial began. Socrates replied that he “listens to nothing … but the argument that on reflection seems best” and that “neither to do wrong or to return a wrong is ever right, not even to injure in return for an injury received” (Crito 46b, 49d), not even under threat of death (Apology 32a), not even for one’s family (Crito 54b). Words like these, according to the judge, proved that he was a corrupter of the young because of the shame brought onto his family and friends. The word choice/confidence used by Socrates to never listen to others advice but to advice unlawfully proved this to be an accusation. He encouraged his friends and even others to follow the path that he himself has chosen.…
“Let him that would move the world first move himself,” said Socrates. This is just one of the new and radical ideologies that Socrates attempted to show the city of Athens in his teaching. Over the course of this month, our class has been discussing those teachings and how profound and deep they really were. Socrates demonstrated that he was the wisest man mainly by exposing flaws in democracy, using Socratic questioning, and finding inconsistencies with opinion and morality.…
Socrates claims to have no knowledge of these types of things, and concedes that if he has any knowledge at all it is of worthless or trivial things. He claims that his purpose for initiating interactions with these reputedly knowledgeable people is first and foremost to prove the oracle wrong, because he believes he really knows nothing. If he can successfully prove the oracle wrong by finding someone who is indeed wiser or more knowledgeable than him, then he will be presented with the opportunity to learn something worthwhile from the person he is engaging, which is his second purpose for these interactions. Unfortunately, this proves to be an unsuccessful method of learning for Socrates because he does not actually learn the fine and good things he has sought to learn; instead he has learned that the reputedly knowledgeable people are merely ignorant of their own ignorance. He determines that they are only truly capable of giving him examples of specific instances where actions seem to showcase the thing that he is seeking knowledge of—such the examples of piety that Euthyphro describes; he also discerns that they are incapable of giving him a definitive definition that is not easily shown to be a contradiction or fallacious in some other way.…
Meno asks Socrates why knowledge is prized far more than true opinion. To answer this, Socrates tells Meno that true opinion becomes knowledge through thought and recollection of what is true. Thus, true opinion is an unjustified belief while knowledge is a justified belief. So knowledge, in being justified, is more valuable than opinion. But what makes knowledge justified and what is justification?…
One of Socrates progressive ideas was that he was not materialistic and did not lust after money or power. Socrates boldly claims “in my investigation of the service of the god I found that those who had the highest reputation were nearly the most deficient, were nearly the most deficient, while those who thought to be inferior were more knowledgeable” (25). This brazen quote rejects the common notion that those of wealth and prestige who hold the power of Athens are the ones who are superior in knowledge. Socrates, in his search for truth, compares the politicians to craftsmen in this quote. For when he investigated the claim that he is the wisest, Socrates compared the lowly craftsman to the powerful politician and found that the craftsman were wiser than those who held power.…