Kaylina “Wally” Nies
ANT4525L - Killgrove
December 3, 2014
Skeletal Report Many of the medical skeletons that are used for analysis in ANT4525L: Human Osteology come from the Middle East region. They range in how old the bodies were at death to how old they have been deceased and skeletonized. Upon first displaying medical skeleton number four in anatomical order, it was clear that this skeleton was in a better condition than the other skeletons that were assigned. The body had a whiter tint to its bones, as opposed to the yellow or brown shade on several other bodies. Upon first look, it was also evident that there were no serious fractures or parts of bone missing. However, in order to truly determine how well-preserved the body was, the total inventory must be recorded. The cranium, axial skeleton, and appendicular skeleton were rated on a scale from absent to present, along with percentages of how complete certain bones were. Through initial examination, it appeared as though all bones were present, except the hyoid. The inventory that came with the bones also verified this belief. Nonetheless, further research was done to prove that all of the bones were present. With the cranium, the frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal, zygomatic, and palatines were present (including left and right sides). The hyoid was the only bone that was absent. The maxilla, nasal, ethmoid, lacrimal, vomer, sphenoid, mandibular body, and mandibular ramus were all present and fully complete as well. Establishing the presence of these bones concluded the inventory of the cranium. The axial skeleton consists of the manubrium, sternal body, xiphoid process, a set of ribs, the ilium, ischium, pubis, atlas, axis, C3-7, T1-12, L1-5, and the sacrum. All remained present and in complete condition. The ribs totalled in twenty-four, resulting in twelve ribs on each side of the ribcage. All seven of the cervical vertebrae, twelve thoracic vertebrae, and five lumbar vertebrae were also present in full. Counting and verifying these bones concluded the inventory of the axial skeleton. The final aspect of the skeletal inventory that needed to be confirmed was the appendicular skeleton. This includes the clavicles, the scapulae, the humeri, the radiuses, the ulnae, the carpals, the metacarpals, the hand phalanges, the femora, the patellae, the tibiae, the fibulae, the tarsals, the metatarsals, and the foot phalanges. Nearly all of these were present except for two foot phalanges in the left foot and two foot phalanges in the right foot. This is a strange discovery, for the inventory that was present with the skeleton included their presence. After determining that there were no extra sesamoid bones present, the dental inventory had to be accounted for. All teeth in the maxilla and mandible were present, however, many had several pathologies. LXI1, the left maxillary first incisor, had a clear dental abscess along with significant wear and an interesting post-mortem pit or circular depression (Figure 3.1). It is assumed to be post-mortem due to no signs of healing or dental work done on the area in question. RXI1, the right maxillary first incisor also had a dental abscess, significant wear, and possibly antemortem cracks along …show more content…
Method. This works in our favor, because the vertebrae method is less likely to be accurate with a deceased individual. This is due to the lack of cartilage between the vertebrae. These assessments use the length of the long bones and the leg bones and inserts them into specific formulae based on sex and ancestry. Due to the ambiguous nature of skeleton number four’s ancestry, his long bone measurements will be calculated using all of the male formulas. Using Trotter and Gleser’s method for the stature of the leg bones using the Asian Male formula, four different measurements were derived. The femur resulted in 63.77 inches, the fibula in 65. 58 inches, the tibia in 67. 42 inches, and the femur and tibia combined in 64.87 inches. This method gives us a stature range from 5”3 - 5”7. The Wilson et. al Method, using the leg bones for white males uses only the femur and the fibula. The femur results in 63.32 inches, while the fibula ended with 66.43 inches. This method gave a stature range of 5”3 -
ANT4525L - Killgrove
December 3, 2014
Skeletal Report Many of the medical skeletons that are used for analysis in ANT4525L: Human Osteology come from the Middle East region. They range in how old the bodies were at death to how old they have been deceased and skeletonized. Upon first displaying medical skeleton number four in anatomical order, it was clear that this skeleton was in a better condition than the other skeletons that were assigned. The body had a whiter tint to its bones, as opposed to the yellow or brown shade on several other bodies. Upon first look, it was also evident that there were no serious fractures or parts of bone missing. However, in order to truly determine how well-preserved the body was, the total inventory must be recorded. The cranium, axial skeleton, and appendicular skeleton were rated on a scale from absent to present, along with percentages of how complete certain bones were. Through initial examination, it appeared as though all bones were present, except the hyoid. The inventory that came with the bones also verified this belief. Nonetheless, further research was done to prove that all of the bones were present. With the cranium, the frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal, zygomatic, and palatines were present (including left and right sides). The hyoid was the only bone that was absent. The maxilla, nasal, ethmoid, lacrimal, vomer, sphenoid, mandibular body, and mandibular ramus were all present and fully complete as well. Establishing the presence of these bones concluded the inventory of the cranium. The axial skeleton consists of the manubrium, sternal body, xiphoid process, a set of ribs, the ilium, ischium, pubis, atlas, axis, C3-7, T1-12, L1-5, and the sacrum. All remained present and in complete condition. The ribs totalled in twenty-four, resulting in twelve ribs on each side of the ribcage. All seven of the cervical vertebrae, twelve thoracic vertebrae, and five lumbar vertebrae were also present in full. Counting and verifying these bones concluded the inventory of the axial skeleton. The final aspect of the skeletal inventory that needed to be confirmed was the appendicular skeleton. This includes the clavicles, the scapulae, the humeri, the radiuses, the ulnae, the carpals, the metacarpals, the hand phalanges, the femora, the patellae, the tibiae, the fibulae, the tarsals, the metatarsals, and the foot phalanges. Nearly all of these were present except for two foot phalanges in the left foot and two foot phalanges in the right foot. This is a strange discovery, for the inventory that was present with the skeleton included their presence. After determining that there were no extra sesamoid bones present, the dental inventory had to be accounted for. All teeth in the maxilla and mandible were present, however, many had several pathologies. LXI1, the left maxillary first incisor, had a clear dental abscess along with significant wear and an interesting post-mortem pit or circular depression (Figure 3.1). It is assumed to be post-mortem due to no signs of healing or dental work done on the area in question. RXI1, the right maxillary first incisor also had a dental abscess, significant wear, and possibly antemortem cracks along …show more content…
Method. This works in our favor, because the vertebrae method is less likely to be accurate with a deceased individual. This is due to the lack of cartilage between the vertebrae. These assessments use the length of the long bones and the leg bones and inserts them into specific formulae based on sex and ancestry. Due to the ambiguous nature of skeleton number four’s ancestry, his long bone measurements will be calculated using all of the male formulas. Using Trotter and Gleser’s method for the stature of the leg bones using the Asian Male formula, four different measurements were derived. The femur resulted in 63.77 inches, the fibula in 65. 58 inches, the tibia in 67. 42 inches, and the femur and tibia combined in 64.87 inches. This method gives us a stature range from 5”3 - 5”7. The Wilson et. al Method, using the leg bones for white males uses only the femur and the fibula. The femur results in 63.32 inches, while the fibula ended with 66.43 inches. This method gave a stature range of 5”3 -