Holbach’s View on Free Will Paul Holbach was a French philosopher who is a hard determinist meaning that he believes determinism is true, and if determinism is true then you cannot have free will, therefore free will does not exist. In Paul Holbach 's “The Illusion of Free Will,” he argues that people don’t have any free will and that nature determines every human’s actions and will. Free will is the ability for one to perform an action without any outside force influencing them and to be able to be morally responsible for that action. Determinism is the belief where people’s actions and wills are caused by an external force rather their own will meaning no one can be held morally responsible for the outcome for that action. The dilemma of…
These activities or consumptions may be pleasurable, but the continuous use or action eventually interferes with the activities of daily living, and with the responsibilities of the individual, such as relationships, academic or professional life, or health. The individual who suffers from an addiction may not be aware of the compulsive and addictive behavior, and how it is causing problems to him and others. While the term addiction usually refers to physical addiction, that is, the biological state in which the body becomes accustomed to the presence of a substance, there are also addictions which can be psychological in nature. An individual is said to have developed tolerance to a substance in those cases of physical additions where the body adapts to the substance to a point it no longer has the same effect it originally had. Nonetheless, most of the time addictive behavior has no relation to a physical tolerance, but rather a psychological source.…
Addiction is something that the person suffering must handle themselves to get out of the rut they’ve put themselves into. In Robert Louis Stevenson's’ book The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, it shows that someone can make their own choices, but they sometimes need to be cautious of the choices they made to start the process. It shows that it only needs some thought, wants and urges to become an evil version of yourself, that you have little control over. You are brought back to basic instincts to do what your urges tell you. Not all urges are good…
For example, you could drink a glass of water or eat a healthy snack to beat the urge to consume. Go for a jog to increase your blood flow and improve your mood or you lie down and meditate your craving away. If you do relapse, don't give in to the temptation to dive right back into heavy use. People often feel guilty or shameful about relapse and treat those feelings by giving in to their substance.…
The True Puppeteer What is free will? Is it a false belief or an idea of human actions? Paul Halbach believes that human beings do not have ‘free will’, because he is a determinist. A determinist believes that all human choices, events, actions, and reactions are all already determined.…
There are all kinds of addicts. We all have pain and we all look for ways to make that pain go away. Addiction is powerful, complicated,…
As exposure increased, they found that the initial effects (Stage A) were lessened and the subsequent effects (Stage B) were intensified, meaning that the “rush” and euphoria were felt much less intensely but the cravings and withdrawal were much more severe. The brain takes much longer to return to baseline after it has been exposed to a stimulus repeatedly. A person who is experiencing heightened craving and withdrawal would find it very challenging to abstain opiates for a long enough time to return to their baseline. This theory does explain why opiate users continue to use drug even when this use comes with harsh consequences, however, it does not explain why relapse often occurs after long periods of…
The notion of free will is something we’re all born with, it’s not taught to us. We grow up with the idea that we are in conscious control of all our actions and thoughts. How could we not? It feels like we make all our own decisions, we chose to eat that pie, or go on that run due to eating said pie. Seeing past that veil is something that many people have done, from scientists, to philosophers, even the average citizen.…
In Chief Rabbi Lord Jonathan Sacks’ video “Science versus Religion,” Rabbi Sacks talks to three different atheist scientists who are working on the frontline of scientific breakthrough. He talks to them to see if science and religion can agree on certain topics or if they will forever be in conflict. (add more) Neuroscientist, Baroness Susan Greenfield was the first person Rabbi Sacks conversed with. She is a professor at Oxford, currently researching the human conscience and (attempting) to understand how the human conciseness is generated from brain cells.…
This chapter examines the role that choice has in addictive behaviours. Assuming that as human beings we always have a certain choice concerning our behaviours, this should also be present when it comes to addiction. There are multiple theories looking at the role of choice and what affects humans ability to make such as choice. One's ability to exert self-control is such a factor that affects choice. The energy model of self-regulation claims that one's ability to self-regulate is a form of energy that can be depleted.…
George L. Engel, a psychiatrist at the University of Rochester came up with the Biopsychosocial Model of Addiction (Fisher 2009). From the biopsychosocial model, we understand that addiction is a “complex disease” (Howatt 2005). It may be influenced by either biological, social or psychological…
People develop addictions very easily and cannot overcome them. The dependence on a specified stimulant will eventually…
The Bio/psycho/Social Interaction of Addiction Addiction involves the all aspects of one’s life. Areas such a biological, psychological and social environment play a major role in determining the likelihood of an individual becoming an addict. Though bio, psycho, and social aspects weigh heavily in on addiction, an addict spiritual anchor, suffering, and pain have a place in the breaking of man away from God. The human spirit goes through many up and downs as one try to fill a void within their life. Addict seek pleasure within that mind as a reward through the use of SUDs.…
Philosophers have argued the assumption whether people have their own freedom to make decisions. In effect, Ayer suggested that people don’t have free will when influenced by constraints. In addition, Ayer defines free will as being able to choose otherwise. However, people don’t have freedom if there threaten or an addict. I agree with Ayer’s claim that people don’t have free will when under constraints which cause people to make decisions.…
Is free will beneficial for humans to possess? In relation to Paradise Lost and the actions of Adam and Eve, free will did not benefit our ancestors; their independence did just the opposite. Through their freedom, Adam and Eve ate from the Forbidden Tree, disobeying their creator, God. The consumption of the fruit could have only been done through free will, since it allows an individual to act at their own discretion. This came with several consequences, like being banished from the Garden of Eden.…