According to Creswell (2003) a researcher makes his claim on the basis of a set of certain assumptions which is known as research paradigm. Filsread (1979) defines research paradigm as "set of interrelated assumptions about the social world which provides a philosophical and conceptual framework for the organized study of that world". Creswell (1994) describes assumptions of research paradigms as "Ontology" in which researchers make claims about the knowledge that what is it, "Epistemology" refers that how the knowledge will be identified, "Axiology" defines the ethics and social values related to research, "Rhetoric" explains the style of languageof research report, and “Methodology" describes the procedure of learning or reading. Mertens
…show more content…
They argued that this approach permits researcher to use both the qualitative and quantitative approaches in solving the research problems. Rorty (1990), Patton (1990), Cherryholmes (1992), Murphy (1990) suggest that Pragmatic approach is related to the solutions of the problems using both research approaches i.e. qualitative and quantitative. According to Creswell (2003) the nature of research problem will decide that which research method is suitable for the solution of the research problem. He suggested that quantitative research is appropriate or suitable when a problem identifies the aspect which influences results, the value or connivance of an interference and assessment or analysis of theory. On the other hand, qualitative research or method is applied when a fact needs a concentration due to lesser research work conducted on it. Further, mixed method research approach is appropriate to be used when a researcher desires to survey or investigate and generalize some facts or realities with the help of chronological, synchronized and transformative …show more content…
The reason for choosing the quantitative approach is that it satisfies the purpose of this study is to examine organizational learning culture of universities ' role in the Punjab Teachers critical thinking ability. Quantitative research includes a number of different research forms as descriptive, associational, and difference studies. Fraenkel and Wallen (2000) state that descriptive research defines and investigates the research problem, sums up the uniqueness of the sample, attitudes and behavior of problem. They describethat the associational research finds out the correlation between the variables. Lastly, the difference research investigates the statistical significance of a difference on mean values of a variable measured in two different situations. Another advantage of this approach is that through quantitative methods of data collection the information can be collected. Ary et al. (1996) Fraenkle &Wallen (2000) further differentiate between the correlation and causal research studies which are the two categories of the associational research. Fraenkel and wallen (2000) suggest that in correlation research the researcher investigates a set of data to find out whether the relationship between variables exists or not, and researcher examines the association which exists in the natural state without influencing the respondents. On the
They argued that this approach permits researcher to use both the qualitative and quantitative approaches in solving the research problems. Rorty (1990), Patton (1990), Cherryholmes (1992), Murphy (1990) suggest that Pragmatic approach is related to the solutions of the problems using both research approaches i.e. qualitative and quantitative. According to Creswell (2003) the nature of research problem will decide that which research method is suitable for the solution of the research problem. He suggested that quantitative research is appropriate or suitable when a problem identifies the aspect which influences results, the value or connivance of an interference and assessment or analysis of theory. On the other hand, qualitative research or method is applied when a fact needs a concentration due to lesser research work conducted on it. Further, mixed method research approach is appropriate to be used when a researcher desires to survey or investigate and generalize some facts or realities with the help of chronological, synchronized and transformative …show more content…
The reason for choosing the quantitative approach is that it satisfies the purpose of this study is to examine organizational learning culture of universities ' role in the Punjab Teachers critical thinking ability. Quantitative research includes a number of different research forms as descriptive, associational, and difference studies. Fraenkel and Wallen (2000) state that descriptive research defines and investigates the research problem, sums up the uniqueness of the sample, attitudes and behavior of problem. They describethat the associational research finds out the correlation between the variables. Lastly, the difference research investigates the statistical significance of a difference on mean values of a variable measured in two different situations. Another advantage of this approach is that through quantitative methods of data collection the information can be collected. Ary et al. (1996) Fraenkle &Wallen (2000) further differentiate between the correlation and causal research studies which are the two categories of the associational research. Fraenkel and wallen (2000) suggest that in correlation research the researcher investigates a set of data to find out whether the relationship between variables exists or not, and researcher examines the association which exists in the natural state without influencing the respondents. On the