5.1 Introduction
Much at times traditional cooperation fail because stakeholders think their success comes at others’ expense. Thus the solution is co-opetition, in which parties in act with partial congruence of interests. Instead of traditional cooperation, where parties come together and pretend to not compete, co-opetition uses the competitor’s strength in order to prosper together.
Co-evolution occurs as a means to adapt to the environments when two or more organization evolve together to make the best of situation. The two organizations make a partnership with each other just as they adapt to the situation. These adaptations cause a change in the respective organization who are well suited to take …show more content…
As a testimony of co-evolution between the two agencies, ISRO's first experimental communication satellite (APPLE) was launched on board ESA's Ariane Launch Vehicle in 1981. Ariane has also launched several INSATs of ISRO.
Chandrayaan-1, ISRO's first mission beyond Earth orbit, marked the beginning of a new era of collaboration between ESA and ISRO in space science. It was considered that ESA-ISRO collaboration on Chandrayaan-1 was an opportunity for Europe to expand its competence in lunar science while tightening the long-standing relationship with India - an ever stronger space power". ISRO had launched ESA's PROBA satellite on board its PSLV in October 2001.
Technology transfer
ISRO receives microwave remote sensing data from ESA's ERS-1 and ERS-2 satellites which is used for several applications.
Many ISRO scientists have received training in ESA's …show more content…
The initiative to profit from space technology and expertise to create new businesses and jobs in Europe and India also boosts local economies and Europe’s competitiveness.
Thanks to these start-ups and their entrepreneurs, leading-edge technologies and expertise from Europe’s space programs and ISRO are used to create smarter terrestrial applications.
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Fig 18 Several of the ESA business centers
An instrument originally developed at the UK’s RAL Space to probe the atmosphere of Mars has been used by start-up Mirico, hosted at ESA’s incubator, to develop medical devices and scientific instruments for use on Earth.
5.4 ISRO co-opetition with Russia’s space agency: ROSCOSMOS
The Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) and Russian Federal Space Agency (ROSCOSMOS) signed MoU on expansion of cooperation in the field of the exploration and use of outer space for peaceful purposes benefiting both in further consolidation and augmentation of their space programs in various domains including space exploration.
ISRO and ROSCOSMOS signed an Agreement on joint lunar research and exploration envisaging Chandrayaan-2. This agreement is a major