Prokaryote DNA replication is a semi conservative, bidirectional, template driven process. The phrase ‘semi-conservative’ refers to the fact that the newly synthesised double stranded DNA is made up of one parental (existing) strand, and one newly synthesised strand. The parental duplex is not ‘conserved’ as an entity. This was proved by the Meselson-Stahl experiment by replicating E.Coli in different mediums of of different Nitrogen isotopes. The results consisted of half of normal weight and half with intermediate weight, proving an immortal strand serving as an unchanging template.…
A total of four microorganisms were isolated from the sample brought back from Mars. To identify the microorganisms which were isolated from the sample brought back from Mars, an rDNA sequence analysis was required. Every sequence had an S_ab score of 1.000 meaning the sequence is identical to the microorganism that it was matched to. Before gathering phenotypic results, we gathered phylogenetic data for the four microorganisms which includes Micrococcus luteus, Citrobacter freundii, Hafnia alvei, and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Micrococcus luteus is a gram positive, coccus shaped microorganism that is nonmotile and unable to grow on glucose minimal media or simmons citrate agar (Kocur, 1972;).…
To determine the unknown’s morphology is the first step in narrowing down possible organisms. A MacConkey and Mannitol Salt Agar tests were conducted on the organism and revealed the following. No growth on the MacConkey plate resulting in a gram positive bacteria and the Mannitol Salt Agar result showed it could be Staphylococcus or Micrococcus. (1) A gram stain test was used in determining the shape, size and arrangement of the unknown bacteria (1). The unknown organism is heat fixed onto the slide, in order for the organism to be stained.…
Natalie Buttaccio Biol 251 Oliphant January 20, 2017 1. According to Bonnie Bassler in the video TedTalk, the human body is considered 90% prokaryotic because there are ten times more bacterial cells than human cells on a human being. Humans have approximately 30,000 genes, but you actually have ten times more bacterial genes. Bassler considers humans about 90% bacterial. These bacterial cells literally almost do everything, from digesting our food, making our vitamins, keeping us healthy, etc.…
Streptomyces and Antibiosis From our group, Group 2, nutrient agar plates inoculated with E. Coli, (Images 1.1,1.2), (Images 2.1,2.2), (Images 3.1,3.2) no antibiotic activity was detected. This could be a result of the putative colonies chosen, not being Streptomyces. All selected colonies were white, or pigmented rink, raised and rough. One (1) and three (3) were inoculated with the putative Streptomyces colonies. Plate 2 was inoculated with the control Streptomyces colony.…
Introduction Identifying unknown bacterium is not only vital to microbiology, but also to the medical and pharmaceutical industries in order to treat disease/infection properly. Bacteria are classified and identified to distinguish among strains and to group them by criteria of interest (1). There are several different procedures that can be utilized to identify a bacterium. This includes the oxidation test, gram stain, and catalase test. The purpose of this lab report is to show the understanding of all procedures used to identify the bacterium, and explain how the given results led to the identification of the unknown bacterium.…
Introduction Identifying microbes are important for working in the medical fields and also for research. Physical and cellular processes are ways in which microbes can be identified. A series of test were done to identify an unknown microbe labeled 5. Based on observation and the results conclusion was made to identify the bacteria as Enterobacter aerogenes.…
1. Non-pathogen name: Bacillus subtilis 2. Description of non-pathogen: B. subtilis is a mesophilic, gram-positive bacillus that is commonly found in soil, although it can also survive in plants (1). B. subtilis are facultative aerobes, using butanediol fermentation or nitrated ammonification when oxygen is unavailable (1). The bacillus is motile by using a single flagellum and commonly forms biofilms which contain several B. subtilis all traveling in the same direction (1).…
The prokaryote co-evolved with the host, eventually becoming something like a mitochondrion. Next, a mitochondrion-containing cell took in a photosynthetic prokaryote. This model of eukaryote origins is called serial…
The bacteria used in the experiment are Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus vulgaris, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Salmonella pneumonia. These all bacteria will be culture in the nutrient broth. The first stage is making Nutrient Broth. Weigh out 5.8 grams of nutrient broth powder.…
E.Coli (Escherichia Coli ) Brenda Arambula Health Science Technology 3/4/2016 INTRODUCTION Escherichia Coli most known as (E.Coli) is a bacteria that normally gets into your intestine of humans and sometimes even warm blooded animals .Some of the E.Coli are even capable of causing diseases with conditions that can harm your immune system . E. Coli can make everyone sick but it mostly affects young children and elderly people this people are mostly likely to…
Simpler than eukaryotes, but complex compared to bacterial cells, Archaea are single celled microorganisms that are similar to bacteria in size and simplicity of structure but more closely related to Eukaryotes when it comes to molecular organization. They are believed to have evolved before Eukarya and after Bacteria which can be proved by microfossils traces, biomarkers, and more. Archaea at first seemed very similar to Bacteria, and many were categorized as such. Only later was the new domain Archaea suggested. Just like Eukaryotes, Archaea have a nucleus and membrane bound organelles in addition to which they also share many similar features and pathways with humans on the molecular level, such as the enzymes used in transcription and…
Yes, prokaryotes are just as important. They are probably what we evolved from. Think about this. What about the bacteria, the prokaryotes that live in your stomach, that break down your food so it can be digested and play a critical role in digestion. Prokaryotes may also help us unlock more about our planet when it was in…
Prokaryotic cells are smaller than eukaryotic ones; the typical prokaryote ranging from 100 nm - 10 µm, while a eukaryote could be anywhere from 10 - 100 µm (Reece et al., 2014). Prokaryotes are also less complex than eukaryotes in that they do not have organelles (membrane-bound bodies) and are always unicellular (eukaryotes can be multicellular) (Biology Department, 2015). An obvious example of prokaryotes not containing organelles is that they lack a nucleus, in addition to vacuoles, Golgi apparatuses, etc. (Biology Department, 2015).…
During the course of this Session Long Project I will define the general characteristics which determine whether a prokaryote belongs to the Archaea or Bacteria domain. I will define and discuss the role in which DNA and…