2. You listened to the podcast on the Dreyfus Affair. How does that episode fit in the anti-Semitism expressed during World War II, and what role does it play in the development of the idea of Europe?
Anti-Semitism is a discrimination against Jews that it can be called anti-Jews. It is a fact that the Europeans discriminated religions, nations and races in the past, even before World War II. Alfred Dreyfus suffered from this discrimination before World War II. According to the podcast on the Dreyfus Affair, “Melvyn Bragg and guests Robert Gildea, Ruth Harris and Robert Tombs discuss the Dreyfus Affair.” They discuss that there was “scandal” in 1890, and then “a high-flying Jewish staff officer in the French Army, one Alfred Dreyfus, was convicted of spying for the Prussians in 1894.” This officer “was humiliated” in public, and even punished by taking him “to Devil's Island.” Beginning with that date, anti-Semitism began to spread in Europe that it affected on Jewish bankers and especially Jewish soldiers in the French Army. If we look at the background of this kind of discrimination, we can see that during the crusades, the mass killings and the deportations happened. For example, Shmuel Shepkaru mentions that the European Jews “became the first casualties of the First Crusade” in 1096. The Crusaders killed “thousands of Jews,” and Jews were forced to change their religion to make them Christian. Shmuel Shepkaru explains that “the massacres of the Ashkenazic Jews” were because of the greediness of …show more content…
What did you come across that was new or surprising?
• I found “a central demand of European women's movements in the early twentieth century” a very surprising event.
• I found anti-Semitism’s beginning very interesting that it began in 1894.
• I found a very challenging Europe and Germany after World War