Sara Ann Thornley
2/3/17
Macronutrients
Dr. Huggins
Assignment #1
1. A reducing sugar is a sugar that is capable of breaking down certain substances. They have a free ketone or aldehyde group which allows them to become hemiacetale and hemiketals (Gropper, 65). Glucose and galactose are both reducing sugars. In glucose-galactose malabsorption, the patients are not able to properly absorb these monosaccharaides, leading to an excess amount of glucose and galactose in the digestive track.
2. These patients are lacking the monosaccharide transport protein SGLT1 (Gropper, 70). SGLT1 is a transporter resting in the apical membrane of the brush boarder of the small intestine. It is responsible for transporting both sodium and glucose into the …show more content…
In glucose-galactose malabsorption the receptors for glucose absorption are inhibited, however GLUT5, which is required for the absorption of fructose, is not inhibited. The blood glucose levels rise when the patient consumes fructose, because it can be absorbed into the cell and taken out into the blood stream unlike glucose. Lactose is a disaccharide composed of glucose and galactose; this would not cause an increase of blood glucose because neither of these monosaccharaides can be properly absorbed. However sucrose is composed of glucose and fructose, the glucose will not be able to be absorbed. Fortunately fructose will be able to leading to an increase in blood glucose levels.
4. A hydrogen breath test is the best way to diagnose glucose-galactose malabsorption. The patient will consume substances with glucose and galactose and then breath into a device that reads hydrogen levels. High levels of hydrogen indicate that the patient was not able to absorb the monosaccharaides being tested for (3).
5. Infants can be switched to a “fructose-based” formula, eliminating glucose and galactose from their diet (2). This is a much better option for babies compared to regular formulas or breast milk, which contain glucose and galactose. Also some children’s symptoms will decrease as they get older, but a carbohydrate free diet accompanied with fructose is recommended
2/3/17
Macronutrients
Dr. Huggins
Assignment #1
1. A reducing sugar is a sugar that is capable of breaking down certain substances. They have a free ketone or aldehyde group which allows them to become hemiacetale and hemiketals (Gropper, 65). Glucose and galactose are both reducing sugars. In glucose-galactose malabsorption, the patients are not able to properly absorb these monosaccharaides, leading to an excess amount of glucose and galactose in the digestive track.
2. These patients are lacking the monosaccharide transport protein SGLT1 (Gropper, 70). SGLT1 is a transporter resting in the apical membrane of the brush boarder of the small intestine. It is responsible for transporting both sodium and glucose into the …show more content…
In glucose-galactose malabsorption the receptors for glucose absorption are inhibited, however GLUT5, which is required for the absorption of fructose, is not inhibited. The blood glucose levels rise when the patient consumes fructose, because it can be absorbed into the cell and taken out into the blood stream unlike glucose. Lactose is a disaccharide composed of glucose and galactose; this would not cause an increase of blood glucose because neither of these monosaccharaides can be properly absorbed. However sucrose is composed of glucose and fructose, the glucose will not be able to be absorbed. Fortunately fructose will be able to leading to an increase in blood glucose levels.
4. A hydrogen breath test is the best way to diagnose glucose-galactose malabsorption. The patient will consume substances with glucose and galactose and then breath into a device that reads hydrogen levels. High levels of hydrogen indicate that the patient was not able to absorb the monosaccharaides being tested for (3).
5. Infants can be switched to a “fructose-based” formula, eliminating glucose and galactose from their diet (2). This is a much better option for babies compared to regular formulas or breast milk, which contain glucose and galactose. Also some children’s symptoms will decrease as they get older, but a carbohydrate free diet accompanied with fructose is recommended